一、引言当今红外技术无论在军事、工业、医学和科研中都有着广泛的应用。它是目前世界各大国竞相发展、倍受重视的一门生机勃勃的学科。可是,自1800年赫谢尔发现红外幅射以来,它经历了极缓慢和艰难的发展历程。虽然早在1926年美国就用它来探测过飞机,1941年德国用它在地中海和非洲战场作过夜视设备,但它真正具有革命性的发展,还是在半导体技术突破以后的事了。究其100多年来发展缓慢的原因,作不出高性能的红 I. INTRODUCTION Today’s infrared technology has a wide range of applications in military, industrial, medical and scientific research. It is a vibrant discipline that competes with each other in the world. However, since the discovery of infrared radiation by Herschel in 1800, it has undergone a very slow and difficult development. Although the United States used it to detect aircraft as early as 1926, it was used by Germany in 1941 to make night vision equipment on the battlefields of the Mediterranean and Africa. However, it has truly revolutionized the development of semiconductor technology. The reasons for its slow development in more than 100 years, can not make high-performance red