采用包括遗传主效应和基因型与环境互作效应的种子三倍体遗传模型，分析了不同环境条件下籼稻稻米碾磨品质的遗传特性。结果表明，各碾磨品质性状除了受制于种子基因效应、细胞质效应和母体植株基因效应等遗传主效应外，还会明显受到各遗传效应与环境互作效应的影响。其中精米重和精米率两个性状的表现主要是以遗传主效应为主，而糙米重和糙米率则以基因型ｘ环境互作效应为主。在各遗传体系中，除了精米率性状的种子直接遗传效应与环境的互作效应略大于母体植株遗传效应与环境的互作效应外，其他碾磨品质性状的母体植株基因的表达受环境条件的影响程度要大于种子基因。细胞质ｘ环境互作效应对精米重和糙米率的影响也较为重要。遗传效应预测值结果表明，Ｐ７和Ｐ８两个亲本的遗传主效应表现突出，可以明显改良杂交后代多数碾磨品质性状。Ｐ１和Ｐ２两个亲本的碾磨品质性状预测值在两年中的环境互作效应较为－致，不易受到外界条件的影响。上述亲本在水稻品质育种中可加以利用。 The genetic characteristics of indica rice milling quality under different environmental conditions were analyzed by using the seed triploid genetic model including genetic main effects and genotype-environment interaction effects. The results showed that all the milling quality traits were significantly affected by genetic effects and environmental interactions except for the genetic main effect of seed gene effect, cytoplasmic effect and maternal plant gene effect. The performance of two traits, milled rice and milled rice, was dominated by the main genetic effect, while that of brown rice and brown rice was dominated by genotype x environmental interaction. In each genetic system, except for the interaction effect between the direct genetic effect of seed yield and the environment on the rate of milled rice is slightly greater than the interaction effect between the genetic effects of the parent plant and the environment, the expression of maternal plant genes of other milled quality traits is affected by environmental conditions The impact is greater than the seed gene. The effect of cytoplasmic x-environment interaction on the weight of polished rice and brown rice is also more important. The results of the genetic effect prediction showed that the main effects of the two parents of P7 and P8 were outstanding, which could significantly improve the quality of most milling characters of hybrid progeny. Prediction values ​​of milled quality traits of P1 and P2 parents in the two years are more-induced, and are not easily affected by external conditions. These parents can be used in rice quality breeding.