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第二次世界大战后,美国进入国家垄断资本主义阶段,经济发展历经升降起伏。综观美国经济发展的历程,不管是哪个政党,哪一任政府,都不同程度地对经济进行干预和调控,只是调控的方式不同、程度不同、效果不一样。研究美国经济发展的历程和规律,探讨宏观调控与美国经济发展的关系,具有深刻的理论和现实意义。本文从宏观经济理论入手,以战后宏观调控理论发展和美国的经济现实及经济政策为主线,对第二次世界大战以来美国不同时期的相关理论和政策实践进行梳理和分析,并对比分析了西方发达国家的财政、货币政策和经济计划,以及2007年以来各国为阻止经济危机的深化所采取的加强调控的财政和货币政策。
After the Second World War, the United States entered the phase of state monopoly capitalism and its economic development has experienced ups and downs. Looking at the history of the U.S. economy, no matter which political party or government it holds, it intervenes and controls the economy to varying degrees. The only difference is that the methods of regulation and control are different, the degrees are different, and the effects are not the same. It is of profound theoretical and practical significance to study the history and laws of the U.S. economy and to explore the relationship between macro-control and the U.S. economic development. Beginning with macroeconomic theory, this dissertation takes the development of macro-control theory after the war and the economic reality and economic policies of the United States as the main lines, combs and analyzes the relevant theories and policy practices in different periods of the United States since the Second World War, and compares and analyzes The fiscal, monetary and economic plans of western developed countries and the tightening fiscal and monetary policies adopted by all the countries since 2007 to stop the deepening economic crisis.