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从宪政视角下对行政诉讼的立法目的进行考察,法、德、英、美、日五国行政诉讼制度的建立历史表明,分权、人权和法治的维度均不可或缺。这种认识对解决行政诉讼的立法目的是监督行政机关依法行使职权,还是保护行政相对人合法权益,还是二者兼而有之的争论,具有重要指导意义。行政诉讼单一目的论有失偏颇,行政诉讼立法目的的定位应当是分权、人权和法治的统一、监督行政机关依法行政与保护相对人合法权益兼而有之。
From the perspective of constitutionalism, this article examines the legislative purposes of administrative litigation. The establishment of the administrative litigation system in France, Germany, Britain, the United States and Japan shows that the dimensions of decentralization, human rights and the rule of law are indispensable. This kind of understanding has the important guiding significance to solve the legislative purpose of the administrative lawsuit, to supervise the administrative organ to exercise its authority according to law, to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the administrative counterpart or to both. The single goal theory of administrative litigation is biased. The purpose of administrative lawsuit legislation should be the separation of powers, human rights and the rule of law. To supervise the administration by law and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the counterparts should be both.