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课堂教学的导入,犹如戏剧的序幕、乐曲的前奏。“良好的开端是成功的一半。”一堂课中,好的导入既能唤起学生们学习英语的强烈动机,能激起他们浓厚的学习兴趣,又能启迪其思维,还能深深地吸引学生们的注意力,使其很快地进入学习状态。我在新课改教学实践中,根据教学内容的不同,有的放矢、恰如其分地采用以下几种方法来导入新课,取得了良好的教学效果。
1 用音乐歌曲导入
音乐的语言是微妙的,它能给人以丰富的感受,使人产生联想和共鸣。设计这种导入,所选歌曲必须和将要上的课有某种联系。例如我在执教冀教版初中英语第六册第27课《The Dove and the Olive Branch》时,是这样设计导语的:Hello, everyone.Let’s sing the song—《Today is your birthday, China》.Ok,you sing very well. Now please pay attation to this sentence in the song:“In the early morning,I let a group of doves fly out of my house.They come back with green olive branches in their mouths.”What does the sentence mean?( some students answer that it shows peace.)Good, the dove with olive branch is symbol of peace.Then, what does the meaning of the symbol get from? It is from a Bible story. Now Let us tell you the story—《the story of the dove and the olive brand 》. Listen carefully. 学生们在听故事时特别用心,教室里静悄悄的。让他们讨论回答问题时,个个都表现的积极踊跃。可见,他们的学习兴趣被激发起来了。
2 讨论导入法
这是一种引入新课的常用方法,它适用于各种题材,只要教师能够紧密结合课文,确立和课文内容相关的议题,不但能成功地引入新课,而且能激起学生的学习兴趣。讨论导入方式的关键是确立适当的讨论题目,让学生围绕这个议题展开讨论。如《新标准英语》(外研版)九年级Module 6 Save our world 我们可以通过展示事先准备好的污染严重的真实个案,要求学生分别用一句话概括主要内容,像Heavy smoke from factories and thick gases from cars,buses and so on are making the air around us dirtier and dirtier. Waste water from factories and cities has made the water in rivers and lakes dirty,as a result,a lot of fish are killed. The population of our world is increasing very fast.并在此基础上引导学生思考下列的问题:What will happen if people go on polluting the world?/if people do not stop polluting the seas,rivers and lakes?What will you do if your school is littered by the waste things?What should we do if the population keeps growing so quickly?从而在学生的讨论中呈现出本模块的主要语言点和环境保护的重要性。
3 由观察图片导入新课
图片能够形象地再现生活,在教学中运用它,常常能抓住学生们的注意力并引起思索。例如我在执教冀教版初中英语第四册第60课《Fix and mend》时,先出示两幅展示堆积如山,浩瀚如海的垃圾的图片,用英语向学生们发问并启发其回答:What’s this?—It’s garbage. What does it look like?—It looks like a hill or sea. Where is so much garbage from?— I think most of it is from the things that people throw away. How should we do for making less garbage?For this question let’s learn Lesson 60:Fix and mend. 这样的导入,既引起了学生们对生活现象的思索,又引起他们对课文学习的兴趣。
英语教材中的插图往往形象地展现了这课的主要内容或重要故事情节,面对它可以提出相关的好些问题,这些问题会抓住学生们的注意力,引起他们学习课文的兴趣。例如我在执教冀教版初中英语第四册第30课《Keep the Candle Burning》时,让学生们观察课本中做实验的插图,是这样提问导入新课的:Look,the woman is doing an experiment . How does she do the experiment?What does she need?What will happen in the experiment?Will the candle stop burning when the jar cover the dish?Why?How keep the candle buring?然后让学生们围绕这些问题学习新课,做实验,观察现象,思考回答问题,取得了较好的教学效果。
4 表演导入,生动形象
表演是一种艺术形式,它以最生动的形式直接输入大脑。在所学的教材中有很多的内容生动,故事性强的课文,可以改编成对话或短剧,用表演的方式导入课文教学。如: 7B Unit 5“A brave girl” 这课,可以让学生改编成短剧,让学生表演,从而引出后面要上的 Helping people一课。
表演者可以是老师与学生或学生与学生。人人都可能当“演员“。所以学生情绪高昂,练习积极,在轻松愉快的气氛中进入了新课学习。
课堂教学导入方法多种多样,应力求做到新颖别致,引起学生的兴趣,利用声音、图象等多种形式创设英语氛围,采用交际的方式使学生将所学知识用于交际之中,时间基本只能控制在3~5分钟之内,努力做到将新知识有机地融入导入活动之中。要做到过渡自然,在多数情况下應该注意取材方便,贴近学生的年龄特点,既服务于一定的教学目标,还要服从于一定的教学内容,同时兼顾不同的课型需要。采用体态语言时,要得体大方,切忌展不开或展得太开,影响教学效果。
1 用音乐歌曲导入
音乐的语言是微妙的,它能给人以丰富的感受,使人产生联想和共鸣。设计这种导入,所选歌曲必须和将要上的课有某种联系。例如我在执教冀教版初中英语第六册第27课《The Dove and the Olive Branch》时,是这样设计导语的:Hello, everyone.Let’s sing the song—《Today is your birthday, China》.Ok,you sing very well. Now please pay attation to this sentence in the song:“In the early morning,I let a group of doves fly out of my house.They come back with green olive branches in their mouths.”What does the sentence mean?( some students answer that it shows peace.)Good, the dove with olive branch is symbol of peace.Then, what does the meaning of the symbol get from? It is from a Bible story. Now Let us tell you the story—《the story of the dove and the olive brand 》. Listen carefully. 学生们在听故事时特别用心,教室里静悄悄的。让他们讨论回答问题时,个个都表现的积极踊跃。可见,他们的学习兴趣被激发起来了。
2 讨论导入法
这是一种引入新课的常用方法,它适用于各种题材,只要教师能够紧密结合课文,确立和课文内容相关的议题,不但能成功地引入新课,而且能激起学生的学习兴趣。讨论导入方式的关键是确立适当的讨论题目,让学生围绕这个议题展开讨论。如《新标准英语》(外研版)九年级Module 6 Save our world 我们可以通过展示事先准备好的污染严重的真实个案,要求学生分别用一句话概括主要内容,像Heavy smoke from factories and thick gases from cars,buses and so on are making the air around us dirtier and dirtier. Waste water from factories and cities has made the water in rivers and lakes dirty,as a result,a lot of fish are killed. The population of our world is increasing very fast.并在此基础上引导学生思考下列的问题:What will happen if people go on polluting the world?/if people do not stop polluting the seas,rivers and lakes?What will you do if your school is littered by the waste things?What should we do if the population keeps growing so quickly?从而在学生的讨论中呈现出本模块的主要语言点和环境保护的重要性。
3 由观察图片导入新课
图片能够形象地再现生活,在教学中运用它,常常能抓住学生们的注意力并引起思索。例如我在执教冀教版初中英语第四册第60课《Fix and mend》时,先出示两幅展示堆积如山,浩瀚如海的垃圾的图片,用英语向学生们发问并启发其回答:What’s this?—It’s garbage. What does it look like?—It looks like a hill or sea. Where is so much garbage from?— I think most of it is from the things that people throw away. How should we do for making less garbage?For this question let’s learn Lesson 60:Fix and mend. 这样的导入,既引起了学生们对生活现象的思索,又引起他们对课文学习的兴趣。
英语教材中的插图往往形象地展现了这课的主要内容或重要故事情节,面对它可以提出相关的好些问题,这些问题会抓住学生们的注意力,引起他们学习课文的兴趣。例如我在执教冀教版初中英语第四册第30课《Keep the Candle Burning》时,让学生们观察课本中做实验的插图,是这样提问导入新课的:Look,the woman is doing an experiment . How does she do the experiment?What does she need?What will happen in the experiment?Will the candle stop burning when the jar cover the dish?Why?How keep the candle buring?然后让学生们围绕这些问题学习新课,做实验,观察现象,思考回答问题,取得了较好的教学效果。
4 表演导入,生动形象
表演是一种艺术形式,它以最生动的形式直接输入大脑。在所学的教材中有很多的内容生动,故事性强的课文,可以改编成对话或短剧,用表演的方式导入课文教学。如: 7B Unit 5“A brave girl” 这课,可以让学生改编成短剧,让学生表演,从而引出后面要上的 Helping people一课。
表演者可以是老师与学生或学生与学生。人人都可能当“演员“。所以学生情绪高昂,练习积极,在轻松愉快的气氛中进入了新课学习。
课堂教学导入方法多种多样,应力求做到新颖别致,引起学生的兴趣,利用声音、图象等多种形式创设英语氛围,采用交际的方式使学生将所学知识用于交际之中,时间基本只能控制在3~5分钟之内,努力做到将新知识有机地融入导入活动之中。要做到过渡自然,在多数情况下應该注意取材方便,贴近学生的年龄特点,既服务于一定的教学目标,还要服从于一定的教学内容,同时兼顾不同的课型需要。采用体态语言时,要得体大方,切忌展不开或展得太开,影响教学效果。