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A previous study by our research group showed that nerve growth factor is involved in the onset of asthma through regulating SH2-Bβ expression in the lung and visceral primary afferent neurons of asthmatic mice. This study sought to assess the expression level of interleukin-1β in primary afferent neurons in C7-T5 spinal ganglia, spinal cord and lung in asthmatic mice after blockage of SH2-Bβ. The levels of interleukin-1β protein in primary afferent neurons in the C7-T5 spinal ganglia and lung were decreased, and interleukin-1β mRNA expression also down-regulated in the spinal cord, medulla oblongata and lung tissue after blockage of SH2-Bβ. Our findings indicate that SH2-Bβ can upregulate the expression of interleukin-1β in C7-T5 spinal ganglia, spinal cord and lung of asthmatic mice.