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本研究自1987年在FAO国际植物遗传资源委员会(IBPGR)的资助下,系统地探讨了芸薹属种子休眠的基础特性、影响因素及相应的人工调控方法。 1.休眠特性的种间差异。根据不同物种种子休眠程度的强弱,可区分为三类:弱休眠类型有B. oleracea,B. napus,部分B. campestris; 中休眠类型有部分B. campestris,B. juncea 及 B. carinata;强休眠类型有B.nigra,B. juncea 的田间自生株后代,B. campestris的野生种,野生芥(B. xinjiangensis)等。2. 影响种子休眠的因素。①种子成熟度:开花后27天的离体幼胚具备初始萌发能力,并随胚的成熟,萌发率渐增。但是同期离体胚经风干(20天)后萌发率显著提高,且初始萌发时间提前一周。②形态:果壳对胚萌发造成气体、液体的机械性阻力,迫使种子休眠,对弱休眠种子的致眠作用尤为明显。③种子内含物质:强休眠种子内有高含量的内源ABA与低含量的内源GA,反之亦然。B. nigra,B. juncea 和 B. xinjiangensis 等芥类植物休眠强的原因,
This study systematically explores the basic characteristics of dormancy of Brassica seeds, the influencing factors and the corresponding manual control methods since 1987, funded by FAO International Commission on Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR). 1. Hibernation characteristics of the interspecific differences. According to the degree of dormancy of seeds of different species, there are three types of dormancy: B. oleracea, B. napus, B. campestris; B. campestris, B. juncea and B. carinata; Strong dormancy types B.nigra, B. juncea field volunteer offspring, B. campestris wild species, B. xinjiangensis and so on. 2 factors that affect seed dormancy. ① seed maturity: In vitro seedling 27 days after flowering with initial germination ability, and with the embryo maturation, germination rate increased. However, the germination rate of the in vitro embryos was significantly increased after air-drying (20 days), and the initial germination time was one week earlier. ② Morphology: The husk caused the gas and liquid mechanical resistance to the embryo germination, forced the seed to dormancy, especially the hypnotic effect on the weak dormant seed. ③ seed content: strong dormant seeds have a high content of endogenous ABA and low content of endogenous GA, and vice versa. B. nigra, B. juncea and B. xinjiangensis mustard dormancy and other strong reasons,