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摘要[目的]研究重金属Pb2+对刚毛藻的损害情况以及刚毛藻对重金属Pb2+的吸附性能。[方法]将刚毛藻置于不同浓度(0、2.5、5.0、7.5、10.0、12.5、15.0、17.5、20.0 mg/L)重金属Pb2+的培养液中进行培养,培养周期为10 d,测定分析刚毛藻体内的叶绿素含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、蛋白质含量及刚毛藻体内重金属Pb2+的含量。[结果]随着重金属Pb2+浓度的增大,刚毛藻体内叶绿素含量急剧下降,最终维持在0.30 mg/mg左右,Ca/Cb比值逐渐减小最终维持在0.30左右,重金属Pb2+对叶绿素a的损害作用随着浓度的增大而逐渐增大,且对叶绿素a的损害作用要大于对叶绿素b的损害作用。重金属Pb2+浓度在0~20 mg/L时,刚毛藻体内的MDA含量呈持续上升趋势,最大值为20.44 μmol/g,表明重金属Pb2+对刚毛藻的毒害作用在逐渐增大。随着重金属Pb2+浓度的增加,刚毛藻体内的蛋白质含量整体呈下降趋势,最终维持在1.10 mg/g。推测刚毛藻对重金属Pb2+的吸附分为两个阶段,即快速吸附阶段和缓慢吸附阶段。[结论]刚毛藻对重金属Pb2+具有一定的吸附能力及耐受性,可以用于控制并修复水体中的重金属。
关键词刚毛藻;Pb2+;叶绿素;丙二醛;蛋白质;吸附
中图分类号S181.3;X703.1文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2014)02-00552-03
Abstract [Objective] The aim was to study the damage situation of Pb2+ to chadophorasle, and the characteristics of adsorption of chadophorasle to Pb2+. [Method] Different concentrations(0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 17.5, 20.0 mg/L) of Pb2+ was used to train chadophorasle, time of the test was 10 d, the contents of chlorophyll, MAD and protein were determined and analyzed. [Result] With increasing of Pb2+ concentration, the chlorophyll contents of chadophorasle decreased sharply, finally retained at about 0.30 mg/mg, the ration of Ca to Cb decreased gradually, and finally retained at about 0.30, so the damage of Pb2+ to chlorophyll a increased with its concentration rose, and the damage to chlorophyll a was bigger than that of to chlorophyll b. When Pb2+ concentration was 020 mg/L, the MDA content of chadophorasle had continuous rising tendency, and the maximum was 20.44 μmol/g, showed that the toxic action of Pb2+ to chadophorasle increased gradually. With increasing of Pb2+ concentration, the protein content of chadophorasle had decreasing tendency in a whole, and retained 1.10 mg/g. It was supposed that the adsorption action of chadophorasle to Pb2+ had two periods, namely fast adsorption period and slow adsorption period. [Conclusion] Chadophorasle has some adsorptive ability and tolerance to Pb2+, and can be used to control and repair the heavy metal in water.
Key words Chadophorasle; Pb2+; Chlorophyll; MAD; Protein; Adsorption
重金属能和人体内的蛋白质及各种酶发生作用,使它们失去活性,也能在人体的某些器官中富集,如果超过人体所能耐受的限度,会造成人体急性中毒、亚急性中毒、慢性中毒等,对人体会造成很大的危害,其中铅(Pb)是重金属污染中毒性较大的一种,可以直接伤害人的脑细胞,特别是对胎儿的神经板,可造成先天大脑沟回浅、智力低下,对老年人可造成痴呆、脑死亡等。藻类可以利用水体中的无机物,通过光合作用放出氧气,并起到了净化水质的作用,在环境领域有净化空气、清洁水质、监测污染、废水处理以及净化农药、吸附重金属等作用,利用藻类修复重金属污染的水体,具有高效、低能耗、环保的特点[1-10]。
藻体细胞对重金属离子的吸附机理包括络合、螯合、离子交换、转化、吸收和微沉淀等。金属阳离子可被细胞表面的负电荷位点所吸附。许多阴离子参与结合金属离子,如膜蛋白上的磷酸基、羧基、巯基和羟基等。细胞原生质膜外有明显的细胞壁,其在微生物吸附重金属离子的过程中起着重要作用,它是阻止金属离子进入细胞产生毒害的第一道屏障[10]。为此,笔者研究刚毛藻对重金属Pb2+的耐受性和吸附性,为其在重金属污染水体治理中的应用奠定科学依据。
关键词刚毛藻;Pb2+;叶绿素;丙二醛;蛋白质;吸附
中图分类号S181.3;X703.1文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2014)02-00552-03
Abstract [Objective] The aim was to study the damage situation of Pb2+ to chadophorasle, and the characteristics of adsorption of chadophorasle to Pb2+. [Method] Different concentrations(0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 17.5, 20.0 mg/L) of Pb2+ was used to train chadophorasle, time of the test was 10 d, the contents of chlorophyll, MAD and protein were determined and analyzed. [Result] With increasing of Pb2+ concentration, the chlorophyll contents of chadophorasle decreased sharply, finally retained at about 0.30 mg/mg, the ration of Ca to Cb decreased gradually, and finally retained at about 0.30, so the damage of Pb2+ to chlorophyll a increased with its concentration rose, and the damage to chlorophyll a was bigger than that of to chlorophyll b. When Pb2+ concentration was 020 mg/L, the MDA content of chadophorasle had continuous rising tendency, and the maximum was 20.44 μmol/g, showed that the toxic action of Pb2+ to chadophorasle increased gradually. With increasing of Pb2+ concentration, the protein content of chadophorasle had decreasing tendency in a whole, and retained 1.10 mg/g. It was supposed that the adsorption action of chadophorasle to Pb2+ had two periods, namely fast adsorption period and slow adsorption period. [Conclusion] Chadophorasle has some adsorptive ability and tolerance to Pb2+, and can be used to control and repair the heavy metal in water.
Key words Chadophorasle; Pb2+; Chlorophyll; MAD; Protein; Adsorption
重金属能和人体内的蛋白质及各种酶发生作用,使它们失去活性,也能在人体的某些器官中富集,如果超过人体所能耐受的限度,会造成人体急性中毒、亚急性中毒、慢性中毒等,对人体会造成很大的危害,其中铅(Pb)是重金属污染中毒性较大的一种,可以直接伤害人的脑细胞,特别是对胎儿的神经板,可造成先天大脑沟回浅、智力低下,对老年人可造成痴呆、脑死亡等。藻类可以利用水体中的无机物,通过光合作用放出氧气,并起到了净化水质的作用,在环境领域有净化空气、清洁水质、监测污染、废水处理以及净化农药、吸附重金属等作用,利用藻类修复重金属污染的水体,具有高效、低能耗、环保的特点[1-10]。
藻体细胞对重金属离子的吸附机理包括络合、螯合、离子交换、转化、吸收和微沉淀等。金属阳离子可被细胞表面的负电荷位点所吸附。许多阴离子参与结合金属离子,如膜蛋白上的磷酸基、羧基、巯基和羟基等。细胞原生质膜外有明显的细胞壁,其在微生物吸附重金属离子的过程中起着重要作用,它是阻止金属离子进入细胞产生毒害的第一道屏障[10]。为此,笔者研究刚毛藻对重金属Pb2+的耐受性和吸附性,为其在重金属污染水体治理中的应用奠定科学依据。