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反讽是西方文学中重要的艺术手法,它源于柏拉图的《理想国》,本义是油腔滑调或用欺诈手法引诱别人上当,希腊古典戏剧中就有“佯装无知者”这一角色,后来反讽发展成为一种“所言与所指完全相反”的修辞格。在西方现代文学中,反讽是文学创作的重要结构原则,是一种表象与真实相对立的情景,是指某种语境下词汇或语调获得与本意相反的、否定的意义。学者李建军认为,反讽是洞察了表现对象在现象与本质、内容与形式等方面的差异,采用暗含、嘲弄、否定等方式委婉表达事物隐蔽性质的策略,是洞察真相、揭示现实的叙事技巧。[1]
Irony is an important artistic technique in Western literature. It originates from Plato’s “ideal nation”. Its original meaning is to slander or deceive others into deceit. There are “pretending to be ignorant” in the classical Greek drama. Later, irony Developed into a kind of “rhetorical phrase” completely different from what he was referring to. " In modern Western literature, irony is an important structural principle of literary creation. It is a scene in which the appearance and reality are opposed. It refers to the negative and negative meanings of words or intonations obtained in a certain context. According to Li Jianjun, scholar Li believes that irony is an insight into the differences between performance objects in terms of their phenomena, essence, content and form. The tactics of using euphemisms, ridicule and negation to euphemistically convey the covert nature of things are insights on the truth and revealing realistic narrative techniques. [1]