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正常水深是灌溉渠道设计中的一个重要参数,均匀流基本公式属于正常水深的隐式公式,不可能由公式直接求解,常藉冗繁费时的试算法方能得出答案,另外列表法和图解法虽亦能得出答案,但前者易出现双重的内插误差,后者出现读图时的判断误差。此外,这些方法基于曼宁公式,而该公式仅适用于相对粗糙度范围不大的水力粗糙区,且包含一个数值难定的糙率系数。为此,本文提出直接计算各种断面渠道正常水深的显式公式。
Normal water depth is an important parameter in irrigation channel design. The uniform flow basic formula is an implicit formula of normal water depth, which can not be directly solved by the formula. It often takes the time-consuming trial method to get the answer. In addition, the list method and graphic method Although the answer can be reached, the former tends to have double interpolation errors, and the latter has a judgment error when reading pictures. In addition, these methods are based on the Manning formula, which applies only to hydraulic roughening areas with small relative roughness, and contains a numerical roughness coefficient. Therefore, this paper presents an explicit formula for calculating the normal water depth of various cross-section channels directly.