土壤是微生物生存的良好环境,在各类土壤中生活着各种各样的微生物类群。这些类群不仅是土壤的重要组成部分,而且由于它们的生物化学活性,能动地影响着土壤。例如,在土壤肥力、植物营养和土壤净化以及维持自然界能量流动和物质循环的动态平衡等方面起着极其重要的作用。同时,土壤微生物在土壤中所处的环境极其复杂,温度、水分、空气、有机质等理化因子和动物、植物及微生物之间等生物因子,对它们都产生着直接或间接地影响。因此,研究微生物在土壤中的分布、活动和 Soil is a good environment for the survival of microorganisms, living in a variety of soil in a variety of microbial groups. These groups are not only an important part of the soil but also affect the soil actively due to their biochemical activity. For example, it plays an extremely important role in soil fertility, plant nutrition and soil decontamination, as well as in maintaining the energy flow and the dynamic balance of the physical cycle in nature. At the same time, the environment of soil microorganisms in the soil is extremely complicated. The physical and chemical factors such as temperature, moisture, air, organic matter and other biological factors such as animals, plants and microorganisms have a direct or indirect impact on them. Therefore, the study of microbial distribution in the soil, activity and