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本文采用CHIP数据库2002年、2007年和2008年的流动人口数据,利用截面Probit模型和Heckman两步法,研究了贸易开放与劳动力迁移对流动人员个体就业的影响。研究发现,随着贸易开放程度的提升,劳动力市场的竞争效应日益显著,个体的劳动参与呈现上升趋势。然而,日渐开放的劳动力市场中,人口迁入率和人口迁出率对个体就业的影响却截然不同,个体微观特征也显著影响着其劳动参与决策。更进一步,基于本地与外地户口的户籍分类研究显示,劳动者个体在性别、技能等方面也存在显著差异。一方面,外来劳动力的整体就业状况显著优于本地居民;另一方面,伴随开放程度的提升,个体劳动者之间的性别替代效应日渐显著,高技能的外来劳动力成为人口迁入率提升的受益者。
Using the CHIP data of floating population in 2002, 2007 and 2008, this paper studies the influence of trade openness and labor migration on the employment of migrant workers by using Probit model and Heckman two-step method. The study finds that with the improvement of the degree of trade openness, the competitive effect of the labor market is increasingly significant, and individual labor participation shows an upward trend. However, in the increasingly open labor market, the influence of the immigration rate and the emigration rate on the individual employment is quite different, and the individual microeconomic characteristics also significantly affect their decision-making on labor participation. Furthermore, based on the household registration classification of local and overseas accounts, laborers have significant differences in their gender, skills and other aspects. On the one hand, the overall employment status of migrant workers is significantly better than that of local residents. On the other hand, as the degree of openness increases, the gender substitution effect between individual laborers becomes more and more obvious. High skilled foreign labor force has benefited from the increase of immigration rate By.