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目的了解富阳市人感染H7N9禽流感的病原生态,为H7N9禽流感预防控制提供实验室依据。方法对2014年1月-12月富阳市医疗机构发热门诊疑似病例和活禽交易市场外环境标本,提取H7N9病毒核酸,采用荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)法进行检测。结果 287份标本H7N9禽流感病毒阳性率为15.0%(43/287),213份外环境标本阳性率为19.2%(41/213),74份定点医院可疑病例标本阳性率为2.7%(2/74)。外环境标本中阳性率以禽舍地面最高,达33.3%(3/9),屠宰案板表面擦拭标本阳性率为28.0%(7/25),清洗禽类的污水阳性率为27.3%(3/11),禽笼具表面擦拭标本阳性率为22.5%(9/40),活禽屠宰脱毛机涂抹标本阳性率为19.7%(15/76),禽粪便标本阳性率为9.5%。不同种类环境样品间检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论当禽类生存外环境或流通环节人感染H7N9禽流感病毒监测出现阳性时,应及时进行风险评估,提出预警。加强外环境监测,关闭活禽交易市场,开展卫生运动是应对区域人感染H7N9禽流感疫情的有效措施。
Objective To understand the pathogen ecology of H7N9 bird flu in Fuyang City and provide laboratory evidence for the prevention and control of H7N9 bird flu. Methods The H7N9 virus nucleic acid was extracted from the suspected outbreaks of fever in medical institutions in Fuyang City from January to December 2014 and from the external market of live poultry market. The fluorescence quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the nucleic acid. Results The positive rate of H7N9 bird flu virus was 15.0% (43/287) in 287 specimens, 19.2% (41/213) in 213 specimens of external environment, and 2.7% (2 / 74). The positive rate of external environment specimens was highest in the poultry house (33.3% (3/9), 28.0% (7/25) in the surface of the slaughtered board and 27.3% in the clean birds ). The positive rate of surface swab specimens was 22.5% (9/40), that of live poultry was 19.7% (15/76), and that of poultry stool specimens was 9.5%. There was no significant difference in the detection rates among different types of environmental samples (P> 0.05). Conclusion When the avian influenza H7N9 avian influenza virus is found to be positive in the external environment or in circulation, the risk assessment should be carried out in time to provide early warning. Strengthening external environmental monitoring, closing down the live poultry market and launching health campaigns are effective measures to tackle the outbreak of H7N9 bird flu in the area.