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2012年2~4月采集大庆湖泊群18个典型湖泊30个水体和36个鱼体样品,并对水体和5种鱼组织(鱼鳃、肝脏、鱼脑、肾脏和肌肉)样品中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)浓度进行分析测定.结果显示,水中PAHs总量为0.2~1.21μg·L-1,浓度最高值出现在月亮泡.利用统计学聚类分析方法对18个湖泊水体PAHs浓度进行分类,并进一步应用PAHs比值分析和物种敏感性分布模型对不同湖泊组湖泊水体PAHs分别进行来源分析和生态风险评估.结果表明,18个湖泊水体PAHs浓度统一聚类分成4个湖泊组,其中月亮泡(YLP)和东大海(DDH)两个湖泊分别单独成一类,其他14个湖泊被聚类分为XHH组和DQSK组两个湖泊组.湖泊水体中PAHs除了YLP组主要来自石油污染,其他湖泊PAHs的输入均为木柴和煤燃烧所致.根据国际和国内地表水环境质量标准,大庆湖泊群4个湖泊组水体PAHs浓度水平均有不同程度超标.其中YLP组和XHH组大部分水样中PAHs浓度超出美国环保署(US EPA)规定的16种PAHs限量值,尤其YLP组中致癌性最强的苯并[a]芘浓度已经超过了我国地表水环境质量标准;而DQSK组和DDH组也有少量几种PAHs超出水质标准.大庆湖泊群鲤鱼种和鲢鱼种5种组织器官内16种PAHs浓度检测结果及统计分析结果显示,除鲤鱼鳃中的蒽浓度显著高于鲢鱼鳃,其他15种PAHs在两类鱼种中无显著差异.而同鱼种不同组织器官中PAHs浓度存在明显差异性,肝脏和肾脏作为污染物外源传播的主要器官,其浓度明显高于肌肉、鳃和脑组织中PAHs的浓度,是PAHs在鱼体内累积的重要器官.对水生生物的生态风险和淡水鱼消费健康风险评估结果显示,4个典型湖泊组水体中PAHs对水生生物生态风险均较小,鲤鱼和鲢鱼鱼肉消费也均无饮食健康风险.
From February to April in 2012, 30 water samples and 36 fish samples from 18 typical lakes in Daqing Lake Group were collected. Sixteen kinds of polycyclic ring samples were collected from water bodies and five fish tissues (fish gill, liver, fish brain, kidney and muscle) Aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations were analyzed and determined.The results showed that the total amount of PAHs in water was 0.2 ~ 1.21μg · L-1, the highest concentration appeared in the moon bubble.The statistical cluster analysis was used to classify PAHs in 18 lakes , And PAHs ratio analysis and species sensitivity distribution model were further used to analyze the origin and ecological risk assessment of PAHs in lakes of different lakes.Results showed that PAHs concentrations in 18 lakes were clustered into 4 lakes, (YLP) and East China Sea (DDH), and the other 14 lakes are clustered into two lakes, XHH and DQSK.Among the lakes, PAHs except YLP mainly come from oil pollution, while other lakes The input of PAHs is caused by the combustion of firewood and coal.According to the international and domestic surface water environmental quality standards, PAHs concentrations in four lake lakes in the Daqing Lake Group were all over-regulated to varying degrees, of which, most of the water samples in the YLP and XHH groups PAH s concentration exceeded the limit of 16 PAHs regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). In particular, the concentration of the most carcinogenic benzo [a] pyrene in the YLP group has exceeded the surface water environmental quality standards of China. However, the DQSK and DDH groups There are also a few PAHs that exceed the water quality standards.The detection results and statistical analysis of 16 kinds of PAHs in 5 kinds of tissues and organs of carp species and silver carp species in Daqing Lake show that except the carp gill anthracene concentration was significantly higher than the silver carp gill and other 15 PAHs showed no significant difference between the two species of fish, while PAHs concentrations in different tissues and organs of the same fish species were significantly different. The liver and kidney were the major organs that were exogenously transmitted by pollutants and their concentration was significantly higher than that of muscle, gill and The concentration of PAHs in brain tissues is an important organ of PAHs accumulated in fish body.As for the ecological risk of aquatic organisms and the health risk assessment of freshwater fish consumption, PAHs in four typical lakes show less ecological risk to aquatic organisms, Carp and silver carp fish consumption also have no diet health risk.