论文部分内容阅读
目的:了解湖南省中小学校生活饮用水的卫生安全现状,为政府相关部门的决策提供科所的依据。方法于2008年～2010年,在全省范围内随机抽取零陵、临湘、邵阳、望城4个县。在每个县又随机确定3个乡镇和1个县城区。每个乡镇选择中学1所、小学3所,县城区中小学各1所作为学校学生饮用水卫生现状调查的具体现场。结果 56所中小学校饮用水类型主要有自来水、自备水和井水三类,饮水人数所占构成比分别为25.07%、21.00%和44.39%,后两者主要分布在农村的乡镇地区。学校饮用水的水质总体合格率较低,不合格指标为菌落总数、总大肠菌群和耐热大肠菌群,超标率分别为23.0%、31.2%和31.2%。饮用无消毒设施的泉水、井水其肠道传染病发病率显著高于消毒设施的自备水及自来水,经分析差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论农村乡镇学校的自来水普及率不但较低,而且供水方式落后。学校饮水微生物污染严重,是导致介水肠道传染病频发的主要原因。应采取有效措施保障学校饮用水安全。
Objectives: To understand the status quo of health and safety of drinking water in primary and secondary schools in Hunan Province, and to provide the basis for the decision-making of relevant government departments. Methods From 2008 to 2010, Lingling, Linxiang, Shaoyang and Wangcheng counties were randomly selected in the province. In each county, three towns and one county district were also randomly identified. Each township chooses 1 middle school, 3 primary schools, and 1 county primary and secondary schools as the specific scene of the school students’ drinking water health survey. Results The main types of drinking water in primary and secondary schools were tap water, self-contained water and well water. The proportions of drinking water accounted for 25.07%, 21.00% and 44.39%, respectively. The latter two were mainly distributed in rural towns and townships. School drinking water quality overall pass rate is low, unqualified indicators of the total number of colonies, total coliform bacteria and heat-resistant coliform bacteria, exceeding the standard rates were 23.0%, 31.2% and 31.2%. Drinking spring water without disinfection facilities, well water, the incidence of intestinal infectious disease was significantly higher than the disinfection facilities owned water and tap water, the analysis of the differences were statistically significant (P <0.01). Conclusion The popularization rate of tap water in rural township schools is not only low, but also the way of water supply is backward. School drinking water microbial contamination is serious, leading to water-borne enteric infectious diseases frequently the main reason. Effective measures should be taken to ensure school drinking water safety.