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目的:探讨上海老年人小腿围和四肢骨骼肌指数、握力、步速之间的关系。进一步研究小腿围与低骨骼肌肌量、力量和功能的诊断界值，验证小腿围在肌肉减少症评估诊断中的作用。方法:选择复旦大学附属华东医院体检中心、上海4个社区招募2 294例老年人，其中男性954例，女性1 340例，平均年龄(71.6±8.7)岁，采用体成分仪检测四肢骨骼肌肌量(ASM)、上肢骨骼肌肌量(UMM)和下肢骨骼肌肌量(LMM)，计算四肢骨骼肌指数(四肢骨骼肌指数＝ASM/身高n 2)。测量步速，并用握力器测量握力。测量受试者的身高和体重，右小腿围和腰围。n 结果:不同性别老年人年龄、体重指数(BMI)、腰围、步速差异无统计学意义；男性的身高、体重、ASM、四肢骨骼肌肌量/身高n 2、UMM、LMM、握力、小腿围明显高于女性(n P0.05) between both genders. Height, weight, ASM, ASM/heightn 2, UMM, LMM, handgrip strength, calf circumference were significantly higher in men than in women (all n P<0.05). The calf circumference of the elderly with age ≥ 80 was significantly lower than that of the 70-79 age group and 60-69 age group (n P<0.05). The calf circumference of older women (age≥80) was significantly lower than that of the elderly women in the 70-79 age group and 60-69 age group (n P<0.05). Calf circumference was correlated negatively with age(n P<0.01) and positively with ASM/heightn 2, height, weight, BMI, handgrip strength, UMM and LMM(n P0.05). In the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), the cut-off value of calf circumference for low muscle mass was 35.1 cm for male(specificity, 0.721; sensitivity, 0.803, ROC, 0.809) and 33.6 cm for female(specificity, 0.774; sensitivity, 0.778; ROC, 0.827).n Conclusions:Calf circumference decreases with ageing in the elderly. The optimal cut-off value of calf circumference for low muscle mass is 35.1 cm for males and 33.6 cm for females. We should pay attention to the importance of calf circumference in evaluation and diagnosis of sarcopenia.