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航天诱变是大豆新品种培育过程中创造变异的重要手段。目前我国大豆航天育种已经取得了阶段性进展,先后有4个航天诱变大豆新品种通过了国家或省级审定,多个品系参加国家或省级区域试验和生产试验。本文对基础材料选择、诱变后代选择时期和选择方法等育种相关技术进行了深入研究,对农艺性状和抗性等主要性状的诱变效应进行了分析,并形成了对大豆航天诱变育种具有指导意义的相关理论。还论述了航天诱变的分子机理与分子标记辅助选择在航天诱变育种中的应用,指出诱变机理和选择方法仍然是研究的焦点,建议各育种单位之间应该加强育种材料与技术的合作交流,以提高大豆航天诱变育种的水平和效率。
Space mutagenesis is an important means to create variation in the cultivation of new varieties of soybean. At present, China has made phased progress in space flight breeding of soybean. Four new space-mutated soybean varieties have passed the national or provincial examination and several strains have participated in national or provincial regional trials and production tests. In this paper, basic techniques such as selection of basic materials, selection period of mutagen offspring and selection methods were studied in depth. The mutagenic effects of agronomic traits and resistance traits were analyzed. Guiding significance of the theory. The application of molecular mutagenesis and molecular marker-assisted selection in space mutation breeding is also discussed. It is pointed out that mutagenesis mechanisms and selection methods are still the focus of research. It is suggested that breeding units should strengthen the cooperation between breeding materials and technologies Exchange, in order to raise the level and efficiency of mutation breeding of soybean space.