金元之际的汉人世侯大多出身于平民阶层 ,概称其为“地主武装”并不妥当。汉人世侯起家时的动机大多是避兵自保或抗击蒙古入侵 ,并曾接受过金朝的招抚。汉人世侯由附金转向降蒙的原因主要是慑于蒙古军屠戮生灵的残暴 ,为保全身家和乡曲性命 ,同时与蒙古的招降政策以及当时蒙金的战争形势也有关系。汉人世侯碑传中频频出现的“盗贼”字眼 ,多是敌对集团之间的相互指责 Most of the Han dynasties during the Jin and Yuan dynasties came from the civilian strata, claiming they were “arming the landlords” and were not appropriate. Most of the motives of the Han when they started their career were to protect themselves or to resist the invasion by Mongolia and they had been consulted by the Jin Dynasty. The reason why the Han dynasty turned from being attached gold to lowering Mongolia was mainly because of the brutality of slaughtering souls of the Mongol troops and their lives in order to preserve themselves and their families. At the same time, it was also linked to the policy of the Mongols and the war in Mongolia at that time. The word “thieves” frequently appearing in Han Chinese bronze inscriptions is mostly accusations between hostile groups