“肝素”是一组天然物质的总称,为带有多价负电荷的硫酸葡糖胺-糖醛酸的线性聚合物。肝素于1916年被发现,用于临床也已有40余载。用于临床的肝素主要是从牛肺组织和猪或牛的肠粘膜中提取的。肝素制剂因有抗凝活性而被用于临床,但在一般的商品制剂中,具有抗凝活性的成分似乎还不到三分之一。制剂的肝素单位只反映其 “Heparin” is a generic group of natural substances and is a linear polymer of glucosamine sulfate-uronic acid with a multivalent negative charge. Heparin was discovered in 1916 and has been used clinically for more than 40 years. Heparin used clinically is mainly extracted from the bovine lung tissue and the intestinal mucosa of pigs or cattle. Heparin preparations have been used clinically due to their anticoagulant activity, but in general commercial preparations, less than one-third of the ingredients have anticoagulant activity. The heparin units of the preparation reflect only