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儿童的性别,在其刚出生时仅具有生物学意义,随着儿童的成长,其性别角色中的社会文化烙印越来越深。由于社会所赋予的男性文化和女性文化具有不公平性,使儿童性别社会化带有一种根深蒂固的刻板认识——即男孩要勇敢、冒险、独立;女孩要柔弱、温顺、服从。虽然这种古已有之的性别差异有其合理的一面,但它的消极面确实造就了男女两性在诸多方面的不公平,阻碍了男女儿童在心理发展上达到一种超越性别的普遍人性。因此,为了使儿童在其性别社会化的过程中,最大可能地降低性别角色的消极影响,在对儿童的教育过程中应努力注意以下几个方面。
The gender of a child is only biologically meaningful at birth, and the social and cultural stigma in the gender role deepens as the child grows. Because of the unfairness of the male culture and the female culture endowed by society, there is a deep-rooted and stereotyped understanding of children’s socialization of sex - that is, boys are brave, adventurous and independent; and girls are weak, gentle and obedient. Although this ancient gender difference has its own merits, its negative side has indeed created inequities in many aspects between men and women and hindered the universal humanity of boys and girls in their psychological development from transcending gender. Therefore, in order for children to minimize the negative impact of gender roles in the socialization of their sex, efforts should be made to pay attention to the following aspects in the education of children.