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在廿世纪廿年代由 Richards 和 loomis 所进行的高频声波(>280 KHz)对各种溶液、固体和纯液体的作用的著名研究(2)开创了超声在化学中应用的早期工作(1)。这些研究表明超声能加速各种转变的主要进程。如:汞的分散、液体的排气、三碘化氮的爆炸、氯化银的结絮、极热液体的降温、硫酸二甲酯的水解及碘钟反应等。虽然 Richards 和 loomis 发现超声的化学作用是各不相同的,可是此后在这方面的研究工作进行得很少而且是不平衡的,多半集中在无机反应,尤其是在水溶液中,所有情况下几
The famous study of the effect of high-frequency sound waves (> 280 KHz) on various solutions, solids and neat liquids conducted by Richards and Loomis in the 1920s pioneered the early work on the application of ultrasound in chemistry (1) . These studies show that ultrasound can speed up the major processes of various transformations. Such as: the dispersion of mercury, the liquid exhaust, nitrogen triiodide explosion, silver chloride floc, extremely hot liquid cooling, dimethyl sulfate hydrolysis and iodine clock reaction. Although Richards and Loomis found that the chemical effects of ultrasound vary, however, little has been done since then and is unevenly studied, mostly in inorganic reactions, especially in aqueous solutions, in all cases