论文部分内容阅读
陈寿的历史哲学思想是极为复杂的。他相信天命 ,以天命来解释三国时期历史演变的动因 ,甚至将一些历史事件发生乃至一些历史人物的兴衰成败也视为天命。他又强调人事 ,看到了君主对于治理国家的决定作用 ,认为君主治理国家的关键在于进用人才 ,并认为亡国之君与圣贤之主的区别就在于怎样看待天下兴亡的问题。他以民本思想审视三国时期的历史 ,指责统治者的专横暴虐和残民虐民的行为 ,强调民的主体地位 ,认为治理国家要顺从民意 ,并赞扬那些爱民恤民的官吏的业绩。他有着强烈的正统思想 ,一方面以曹魏为正统来记载三国时期的历史 ,一方面又根据正朔有三的原则对三国历史分别加以记载 ,并通过历史记载来维护封建等级制度和继承次序。
Chen Shou’s philosophy of history is extremely complicated. He believed in destiny and explained the motivation of the historical evolution in the Three Kingdoms period with fate, and even regarded the success or failure of some historic events and even the rise and fall of some historical figures as a destiny. He also emphasized the personnel, saw the monarch’s decision to govern the country’s role, that the monarch governing the country’s key lies in the use of talent, and that the king of sovereign and subjugation the difference between the Lord lies in how to think about the rise and fall of the world. He regarded the history of the Three Kingdoms period from the perspective of the people-based theory, accusing the rulers of tyranny and abuse of the remnants, emphasizing the dominant position of the people, treating the governing state as obedient to public opinions and praising those officials who love the people and the people. On the one hand, he recorded the history of the Three Kingdoms with Cao Wei as the orthodoxy; on the other hand, he kept separate records of the history of the Three Kingdoms according to the principle of being the new moon and maintained the hierarchy of feudalism and the sequence of inheritance through historical records.