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大型灌区对保障我国农业和国民经济的可持续发展、水安全和生态安全具有十分重要的作用,气候变化与人类活动造成的径流变化已经对其可持续发展产生了严重的挑战。该文利用M ann-Kendall趋势检验法研究了泾惠渠灌区渠首来水量、气象要素和灌区水量供需状况变化趋势,分析其产生原因,并探讨了促进灌区可持续发展的对策。研究表明,泾河来水量和渠首引水量呈明显的减少趋势,灌区气温呈升高趋势,降水呈微弱减少趋势,次灌溉面积呈上升趋势,而灌区目前依靠大量开采地下水资源来弥补灌区渠灌水量不足,已造成了灌区地下水资源超量开采和枯竭,未来灌区供需矛盾将进一步加剧。为此,灌区今后应加强水资源统一管理,科学调控地表地下水水资源、涵养地下水源,增强灌区地表地下水资源的综合供水能力,加大渠道防渗衬砌工程建设力度,推广先进实用的田间节水技术等,以期为灌区建设和管理提供理论依据。
Large-scale irrigation areas play an important role in ensuring the sustainable development of agriculture and national economy, water security and ecological security in our country. The changes of runoff caused by climate change and human activities have posed serious challenges to their sustainable development. In this paper, M ann-Kendall trend test was used to study the trend of supply and demand of water headway, meteorological factors and irrigation water volume in Jinghuiqu irrigation district, analyzed the causes and discussed the countermeasures to promote the sustainable development of irrigation districts. The results show that the water amount of Jinghe river and diversion of water from the head of the river have obviously decreased, the temperature of the irrigation area shows an increasing trend, the rainfall shows a weak decreasing trend, and the area of subsurface irrigation shows an upward trend. At present, the irrigation area relies heavily on the exploitation of groundwater resources to make up the irrigated canals Inadequate irrigation has resulted in over-exploitation and depletion of groundwater resources in the irrigated area, which will further aggravate the contradiction between supply and demand in the future. To this end, the irrigation area should strengthen the unified management of water resources in the future, scientifically regulate the surface water resources of groundwater, conserve underground water sources, enhance the integrated water supply capacity of surface groundwater resources in irrigation areas, increase the construction of canal seepage prevention linings and promote advanced and practical field water saving Technology, etc., in order to provide a theoretical basis for the construction and management of irrigation districts.