肝素由不同成分组成的具有广泛的生理作用,低分子肝素是由肝素酶解或化学解聚而成,它是预防静脉血栓疾病的基础。尽管低分子肝素扮演着抗凝的作用,但近年来的基础和临床研究却关注其抗肿瘤作用。首先,它可以抑制恶性肿瘤细胞的增殖,干扰恶性肿瘤细胞的细胞周期,进而诱导其凋亡。其次,它通过作用于血管内皮生长因子,干涉肿瘤新生血管的形成。此外,还能作用于肿瘤细胞的乙酰肝素酶、选择素来抑制恶性肿瘤细胞的转移、浸润。 Heparin is composed of different components with a wide range of physiological effects, low molecular weight heparin is formed by hepatic enzymatic hydrolysis or chemical depolymerization, which is the basis for the prevention of venous thrombosis. Although LMWH plays an anticoagulant role, the basic and clinical studies in recent years have focused on its anti-tumor effect. First of all, it can inhibit the proliferation of malignant cells, interfere with the cell cycle of malignant cells, and induce apoptosis. Second, it intervenes in the formation of tumor neovascularization by acting on vascular endothelial growth factor. In addition, also act on tumor cells heparanase, selectin to inhibit the metastasis of malignant cells, infiltration.