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调制传递函数(MTF)可用来评估高分辨率光学卫星传感器像质,在轨MTF检测对于高分辨率卫星遥感数据的应用和未来卫星遥感器的发展具有重要意义。提出一种基于反射点源的直接检测方法,利用遥感影像数据计算得到成像系统的点扩展函数(PSF),进而获取系统的MTF值。根据成像关系和点光源图像数据,并利用非线性方程优化求解的方式得到被测光学卫星传感器成像系统的一维线扩展函数值,进而验证了可近似用高斯模型来表征高分辨率光学卫星传感器的PSF。实验结果表明,基于反射点源的光学卫星传感器在轨MTF检测结果与基于刃边靶标的在轨MTF检测结果的差异小于5%,能够实现高分辨率光学卫星传感器的在轨MTF检测。
Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) can be used to evaluate the image quality of high-resolution optical satellite sensors. The in-orbit MTF detection is of great significance for the application of high-resolution satellite remote sensing data and the future development of satellite remote sensors. A direct detection method based on reflection point source is proposed. The point spread function (PSF) of the imaging system is obtained by using remote sensing image data to obtain the MTF value of the system. According to the imaging relationship and the point light source image data, the one-dimensional linear expansion function of the optical system under test is obtained by the optimization of the nonlinear equation, and then the Gaussian model can be approximated to characterize the high resolution optical satellite sensor PSF. Experimental results show that the difference between in-orbit MTF detection results of on-orbit optical satellite sensors based on reflection point sources and in-orbit MTF detection results based on blade edge targets is less than 5%, which can realize in-orbit MTF detection of high-resolution optical satellite sensors.