司法过程是实践理性的过程。司法活动作为一种认识活动和实践活动,不光是法官的理性活动,法官的非理性活动也包含在其中,并发挥着作用。美国法学家波斯纳认为,实践理性被理解为当逻辑和科学不足之际人们使用的多种推理方法(包括直觉、权威、比喻、深思、解释、默悟、时间检验以及其他许多方法)。这里的直觉、默悟等就是一种非理性因素。不管我们多么强调法官在司法过程中要不偏不倚,居中裁判,但法官也是人,其本性中的性格偏好、行为习惯、心理态度等非理性因素,对案件事实认定与法律适用的影响是不可避免的。 Judicial process is the process of practicing rationality. Judicial activities, as a kind of cognitive activities and practical activities, are not only the judge’s rational activities, but also the judges’ irrational activities are involved and play a role. Posner, a U.S. jurist, believes that practical rationality is understood as multiple reasoning methods (including intuition, authority, metaphor, contemplation, explanation, soberness, time testing, and many other methods) that people use when logic and science are deficient. Here’s the intuition, wisdom, etc. is an irrational factor. Regardless of how much we emphasize the impartiality of the judge in the judicial process, the center of the referee, but the judge is also a person, the nature of their personality preferences, behavior, psychological and other irrational factors that determine the facts of the case and the impact of legal application is not Avoided.