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我国岩巷掘进中,从五十年代中期直到现在,基本上都使用仿苏老一字钎头和YG15合金片,如图(一)、图(二)所示.每年用于镶焊中、小钎头的硬质合金超过1000吨,约占全国硬质合金年产量的三分之一,价值达6000万元以上.由于钎头品种单一,钎头与合金片的几何结构及参数不合理,材质(包括合金、钢材、焊料、焊剂等)较差,制造工艺和使用技术落后,硬岩平均寿命只有20—30米,约为瑞典、日本同类产品的五分之一.常以胀裤、裂裤、断腰、脱片、碎片、崩刀、掉角、倒锥形磨损及圆柱化变形等方式,几乎100%提前报废,合金片平均残留刃高,大都在12毫米以上,真正在岩石上磨耗的有效利用的合金不足10%.这导致凿岩效率低,掘进成本高,劳动强度大,硬质合金和钢材严重浪费.
Rock tunneling in our country, from the mid-fifties until now, basically use imitation Su-old word bit and YG15 alloy film, as shown in Figure (a), Figure (b) shown in each year for welding, Small bit of cemented carbide over 1000 tons, accounting for about one-third of the national annual output of carbide, the value of more than 60 million yuan.Because of a single species of brazing, the alloy head and alloy geometry and parameters unreasonable , The material (including alloy, steel, solder, flux, etc.) is poor, manufacturing technology and the use of backward technology, hard rock average life expectancy of only 20-30 meters, about Sweden, Japan, one-fifth of similar products. , Broken pants, broken waist, off, debris, chipping knife, off angle, down tapered wear and cylindrical deformation, etc., almost 100% scrapped in advance, the average remaining blade high blade, mostly in 12 mm above, Less than 10% of the effective use of the wear on the rock leads to low rock drilling efficiency, high cost of excavation, high labor intensity and serious waste of cemented carbide and steel.