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目的分析2005—2009年广东省水痘报告发病资料,为开展预防控制工作提供参考依据。方法对2005—2009年广东省报告的水痘病例及水痘暴发报告数据,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2005—2009年广东省共报告水痘病例106 894例,死亡1例,5年的病例数分别为10 8541、6 287、24 747、27 931和27 075例,发病率在12.15/10万～29.90/10万之间,2005年报告发病率最低,2008年最高。1～5月病例为60 206例(占56.32%),12月病例为13 306例(占12.45%);广州、深圳、佛山、中山、韶关等5市病例数占全省总病例数的90.72%;<15岁病例占报告病例总数的78.37%;5年报告病例中,学生占48.89%,幼托儿童占19.90%,散居儿童占18.88%。5年间共报告水痘暴发疫情279起(其中2005年无报告水痘暴发疫情),病例7 853例,98.22%的暴发发生在学校(274起),其中乡小学发生129起,占学校暴发数的47.08%。暴发疫情集中在3—5月和11—12月,分别占总数的49.82%、32.26%,暴发疫情规模最少的为10例,最多的为146例,病例数<50例的疫情254起,占91.04%。结论广东省水痘发病高峰在冬春季,病例主要集中在珠江三角洲地区,发病人群以<15岁青少年为主,乡村小学是水痘暴发发生的重要场所,大部分水痘暴发疫情规模<50例病例。在儿童中开展含水痘疫苗的常规预防接种是控制水痘疫情最有效的手段。
Objective To analyze the incidence of chickenpox in Guangdong Province from 2005 to 2009 and provide references for prevention and control work. Methods The reporting data of chickenpox cases and chickenpox outbreaks reported in Guangdong from 2005 to 2009 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 106 894 chickenpox cases were reported in Guangdong Province during 2005-2009. One case died of the chickenpox. The number of cases was 10 8541, 6 287, 24 747, 27 931 and 27 075 in 5 years respectively, with a prevalence of 12.15 / 29.90 / 100,000, with the lowest reported incidence in 2005 and the highest in 2008. From January to May, there were 60,206 cases (56.32%) of cases and 13,306 cases (12.45%) in December. The number of cases in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Foshan, Zhongshan and Shaoguan accounted for 90.72 %; <15 years of age accounted for 78.37% of the total number of reported cases; 48.89% of students were reported in 5 years, 19.90% of children were in kindergarten, and 18.88% of children were scattered. A total of 279 cases of chickenpox outbreaks were reported over the past five years (of which no case of chickenpox was reported in 2005), 7 853 cases and 98.22% outbreaks occurred in schools (274 cases), of which 129 cases were rural primary schools and 47.08 were school outbreaks %. Outbreaks concentrated in March-May and November-December, accounting for 49.82% and 32.26% of the total respectively. Outbreaks were the fewest in 10 cases and up to 146 cases, with 254 out of 50 cases, accounting for 91.04%. Conclusions The peak incidence of chickenpox in Guangdong Province is in winter and spring. The cases are mainly concentrated in the Pearl River Delta. The incidence of the disease is mainly young people aged <15 years. Rural primary schools are an important place for the occurrence of chickenpox outbreaks. Most outbreaks of chickenpox <50 cases. Routine immunization against chickenpox in children is the most effective way to control the spread of chickenpox.