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4.2.3齐夫词频定律文献计量学定律之三是词汇出现的规律,系G·K·zipf所开发。早在他还是柏林大学语言学一名学生的时候,就已有一个想法:如同其它自然现象一样,语言是一系列交流符号。经过深入研究,他指出:词汇的长度远非偶然,而是与其使用的频次紧密相关的——被使用的频次越高,词越短。同时,他还发现;英语中词汇的分布大致成按倒平方规律排列的调和级数。调查表明,样本中95％以上所用不同词汇均符合这一规律。zipf写过几本有关“相对频次原则在语言学结构与发展中的理论与应用”的著作,第一篇即是1929年发表在《哈佛经典哲学》上的“相对频次:语言变化的决定因索”。文中,他写道:“观察千百万人讲话,我们可以断言(一部分是现象,另一部分则是我们的推论):语言中任何语素的显著性或强度与其频次成反比。用x表示频次,Y表示显著性(等级),我们便可如此地表示我们的定律:
4.2.3 ZIF’s law of word frequency The third law of bibliometrics is the law of appearance of words, developed by G.K.zipf. Back when he was a student of linguistics at the University of Berlin, he had an idea: Like other natural phenomena, language is a series of symbols of communication. After careful study, he pointed out: Vocabulary is far from accidental, but closely related to the frequency of its use - the higher the frequency of use, the shorter the word. At the same time, he also found that the distribution of the vocabulary in English was roughly the harmonic series arranged in an inverse square law. Surveys show that more than 95% of the different terms used in the sample fit this rule. Zipf has written several books on the theory and application of the principle of relative frequency in the structure and development of linguistics. The first one is the “relative frequency” which was published in “Harvard Classic Philosophy” in 1929. The determinant of language change Cable “. In his article, he wrote: ”To observe millions of people speaking, we can assert (part of the phenomenon and our corollary): the significance or intensity of any morpheme in a language is inversely proportional to its frequency, Y means significance (rank), we can express our law so: