按照现行所有马克思主义哲学原理的书籍的一致看法，认为全部哲学，特别是近代哲学（当然也包括马克思主义哲学）的基本问题是思维和存在的关系问题。它包括两方面的内容：一方面是世界本原问题，即物质和精神何者为第一性的问题；另一方面是思维和存在的“同一性”问题，即思 According to the unanimous view of all existing Marxist philosophical books, the basic problem of all philosophy, especially of modern philosophy (including, of course, Marxist philosophy) is the relationship between thinking and being. It includes two aspects: on the one hand, the original question of the world, that is, what is material and spiritual is the first issue; on the other hand, the question of “identity” of thinking and being