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研究者曾用“顿挫沉郁”、“沉郁顿挫”点评过陶渊明的数句诗或某首诗,在笔者看来,这一问题尚需全面考察。本文从全部陶诗出发,认为“沉郁顿挫”实乃陶诗主要风格之一。以下先举例论说陶诗“沉郁顿挫”之风格,进而分“内因”、“外因”两端考察其成因。一、陶诗“沉郁顿挫”的表现陶诗写幽居乐趣之作大都流利圆润、朗朗上口,而叹时事、感节气、说道理诸作大都沉郁顿挫。叹时事诸作中沉郁顿挫之典型代表是《述酒》。该诗以景比兴,述晋宋间史实,诗人感情沉郁悲痛,而表现手法隐微婉转,实乃陶诗沉郁顿挫之典范。该诗前人讲论已多1,另举《赠羊长史》(并序)为例:
Researchers once criticized Tao Yuanming’s several poems or poems with “Melancholy” and “Melancholy”. In my opinion, this issue still needs to be investigated thoroughly. This article from all Tao poem, think “gloomy frustration ” is one of the main style of poem poem. The following is an example to explain the poem “Depression setback ” style, and then divided “internal cause ”, “external cause ” at both ends of the investigation of its causes. First, the poem “Depression setback ” performance Tao wrote most of the fun of living quiet fluent, catchy, and sighed the current events, sense of auspice, saying that most of the things are depressed. A typical representative of gloomy frustration in the world is “wine.” The poem to King Bixing, Jin and Song Dynasty between the historical facts, the feelings of the poet depressed and depressing, while the performance of tactics mildly polite, it is a paradox of frustrated Tao poetry. The predecessor of the poem has more than 1, another move, “donated sheep long history” (and order) as an example: