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增加谷粒特别是人类食用部位胚乳中的锌浓度是当前生物强化领域一个挑战。2011年在土培条件下,以扬麦16号和扬辐麦2号两个当地高产品种为供试材料,于花后每隔1周喷施0.2%或0.4%ZnSO43次,以喷等量清水为对照,研究结实期叶面喷施锌肥对小麦籽粒不同部位锌含量的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,0.2%、0.4%ZnSO4处理使供试品种籽粒中的锌浓度平均分别增加58%和125%,达极显著水平。利用磨粉机SedimatLaboratoryMill将小麦籽粒分为麸皮、次粉和面粉3个组分,测定数据表明,锌浓度为麸皮>次粉>面粉,最高和最低浓度相差约8倍。两品种平均,0.2%ZnSO4处理使小麦麸皮、次粉和面粉中锌浓度分别增加64%、54%和37%,0.4%ZnSO4处理使对应部位锌浓度分别增加117%、110%和92%,均达显著或极显著水平。结实期叶面施锌对籽粒各部位锌累积量的影响与锌浓度的响应趋势一致。与此不同,结实期叶面施锌对麸皮、次粉和面粉锌积累量占籽粒总锌积累量的比例没有影响。多数情况下,结实期锌处理对扬麦16号籽粒各部位锌浓度和锌累积量的影响大于扬辐麦2号。以上数据表明,通过选择适宜品种结合叶面施锌,可以经济有效地改善现代小麦品种面粉的锌营养水平。
Increasing the zinc concentration in the endosperm of grain, especially in human edible parts, is a challenge in the current biofortification field. In 2011, two local high-yielding cultivars, Yangmai 16 and Yangfumai 2, were used as test materials under soil culture conditions, and sprayed 0.2% or 0.4% ZnSO43 times every other week after anthesis to spray in equal quantity Water as a control, to study the effect of foliar application of zinc fertilizer on zinc content in different parts of wheat grain during grain filling stage. The results showed that compared with the control, 0.2% and 0.4% ZnSO4 treatments increased the average zinc concentration of the tested varieties by 58% and 125% respectively, reaching the extremely significant level. The wheat flour was divided into wheat bran, flour and flour using Sedimat LaboratoryMill. The data showed that the zinc concentration was bran> flour> flour, the difference between highest and lowest concentration was about 8 times. The average zinc concentration of wheat bran, flour and wheat flour increased by 64%, 54% and 37% respectively with 0.2% ZnSO4 treatment. The zinc concentration increased by 117%, 110% and 92% respectively with 0.4% , Reaching significant or very significant level. The effect of zinc application on the cumulated amount of zinc in different parts of grain during grain filling stage was consistent with that of zinc concentration. In contrast, foliar application of zinc at the grain-filling stage had no effect on the proportion of zinc, wheat bran, flour and zinc in the total zinc accumulation in the grain. In most cases, the effect of zinc treatment on grain zinc concentration and zinc accumulation in different parts of Yangmai 16 was greater than that of Yangfumai 2. The above data show that by selecting the appropriate varieties combined with foliar application of zinc, can effectively and economically improve the zinc nutrition of modern wheat flour.