乙型病毒性肝炎新疫苗已首次在美国使用,这是美国10年来第一次直接用人血制成的疫苗。现将近年来乙型病毒性肝炎疫苗(以下简称乙肝疫苗)的研究及应用综述如下:疫苗的制备及动物实验早在1917年 Krugman 等已证实乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)携带者的血清是乙肝疫苗的实际来源。将 HBsAg 携带者的血液煮沸15分钟,即失去感染力。用灭活并稀释的血清接种2次后,可免患明显的乙型肝炎。如接种乙型肝炎感染的材料后,多数人呈亚临床感染,但仅1/3接种者获得乙型肝炎表面抗体(HBsAb)。Hilleman 等于1975年报告用含 HBsAg 的血浆纯化后,在36℃用甲醛处理72小时后制成疫苗,给6只黑猩猩各静注1ml,观察6个月,无1例感染乙型肝炎。而对照组6只黑猩猩用活的乙肝疫苗注射后,全部感染。另外又用乙 The new hepatitis B vaccine has been used for the first time in the United States, the first direct human blood vaccine in the United States in 10 years. Now in recent years, research and application of hepatitis B vaccine (hereinafter referred to as hepatitis B vaccine) are summarized as follows: Preparation of vaccine and animal experiment As early as 1917, Krugman et al. Have confirmed that the serum of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier is hepatitis B The actual source of the vaccine. The HBsAg carrier’s blood boil for 15 minutes, that is, loss of infectivity. With inactivated and diluted serum inoculated 2 times, avoid obvious hepatitis B. Subsequent to vaccination with Hepatitis B-infected material, most people were subclinically infected, but only one-third of the vaccinates received HBsAb. Hilleman et al. Reported that in 1975, after being purified with plasma containing HBsAg, a vaccine was prepared after treatment with formaldehyde for 72 hours at 36 ° C. Each of six chimpanzees was intravenously injected with 1 ml for 6 months. None of the 6 patients were infected with hepatitis B virus. The control group of 6 chimpanzees with live hepatitis B vaccine injection, all infected. In addition they use B