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设施番茄根层氮素管理可以有效减少氮肥的用量及避免硝酸盐污染,但是在设施番茄生产中减少氮肥用量对土壤微生物,尤其对优势菌群有何影响目前还知之甚少。本文以6年定位试验中不同氮肥用量及秸秆处理的设施番茄连作土壤为研究对象,研究不同氮肥用量及秸秆处理对土壤细菌和两种主要细菌(假单胞菌及芽孢杆菌)以及对土壤微生物群落结构的影响。设置如下处理:对照(10 t ha-1鸡粪作为底肥)、传统高氮处理(600 kg N ha-1)、传统高氮+小麦秸秆处理、减氮处理(300 kg N ha-1)及减氮处理+小麦秸秆处理。研究结果表明,6年减氮处理并未导致番茄减产;与对照相比,化学氮肥及秸秆的施用均显著增加了土壤细菌、芽孢杆菌及假单胞菌的数量,但不同氮肥用量之间对土壤细菌、芽孢杆菌及假单胞菌数量的影响无显著性差异。DGGE图谱表明氮肥用量及秸秆添加导致土壤微生物群落结构的改变,但不同氮肥用量对土壤细菌多样性的影响不显著。本研究结果表明减少一半氮肥用量既不会导致减产,也不会对土壤微生态环境产生不利影响,因此,在该试验条件下减少氮肥用量是可行并且有益于农业可持续发展的举措。
Facility Nitrogen management in tomato rootzone can effectively reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and avoid nitrate pollution, but little is known about the impact of reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied on soil microorganisms, especially the dominant microflora in facility tomato production. In this paper, we studied the effects of different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer and straw on soil bacteria, two major bacteria (Pseudomonas and Bacillus) and soil microorganisms The impact of community structure. The following treatments were set up: control (10 t ha-1 chicken manure as base fertilizer), conventional high nitrogen treatment (600 kg N ha-1), conventional high nitrogen and wheat straw treatment, Nitrogen reduction treatment + wheat straw treatment. The results showed that six years of nitrogen reduction did not lead to tomato yield reduction; Compared with the control, the application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and straw significantly increased the number of soil bacteria, Bacillus and Pseudomonas, but different nitrogen fertilizer There was no significant difference in the number of soil bacteria, Bacillus and Pseudomonas. The results of DGGE showed that the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and straw addition led to the change of soil microbial community structure, but the effect of different amount of nitrogen fertilizer on soil bacterial diversity was insignificant. The results of this study showed that reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer by half did not result in the decrease of yield nor adversely affected the micro-ecological environment of the soil. Therefore, reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer under the experimental conditions was feasible and beneficial to the sustainable development of agriculture.