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本文依据经济学、社会性分工原理分析了二元社会结构演进的一般过程及中国的特殊性,并着重回顾和考察了改革后乡村社会结构变迁过程与机制。研究显示,中国二元结构演进具有曲折和迂回特征。其演绎路径是:(1)城乡分工扩展一分工受阻一乡村自给自足状态与城市高度分工并存→恢复分工→城乡分工网络扩展;(2)社会分化→反分化(城乡同质化)→社会重新分化;而改革后乡村社会结构的正向演进是在城乡分工链条重新链接,分工网络逐步恢复之后乡村制度、组织和人的行为质变的结果。为了保证今后分工、专业化有序发展和社会结构正向演进,避免曲折迂回,必须推进制度改革,创造国家长期和谐稳定的政治社会环境。
This paper analyzes the general process of the evolution of dual social structure and the particularity of China according to the principles of economics and social division of labor, and reviews and examines the process and mechanism of rural social structure changes after the reform. The research shows that the evolution of China’s dual structure has the characteristics of twists and turns. Its deduction path is: (1) the division of labor between urban and rural areas to expand a division of labor blocked a rural self-sufficiency and urban division of labor coexist → resumption of division of labor → urban-rural division of labor network expansion; (2) social differentiation → anti-differentiation (urban and rural homogeneity) → social re- The positive evolution of rural social structure after the reform is the result of qualitative changes in the rural institutions, organizations and human behavior after the chain of division of labor between urban and rural areas is relocated and the network of division of labor is gradually restored. In order to ensure that the future division of labor, specialization and orderly development and the progressive evolution of social structure and avoid twists and turns, we must promote system reform and create a long-term harmonious and stable political and social environment for the country.