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基于湘阴县玉米和早稻“3414”田间试验,分析了玉米和早稻的基础产量、土壤供肥量、施肥量与产量之间的函数关系,探讨其最佳施肥量。结果表明,玉米的基础产量较低,为651 kg/hm2,仅占全肥区产量的9.6%;早稻的基础产量较高,为3484.5 kg/hm2,占全肥区产量的51.1%。玉米的氮、磷、钾肥的利用率分别为80.2%、3.7%和15.1%,早稻的分别为56.9%、25.0%和29.5%。玉米施N量与产量之间的关系符合二次函数关系,早稻施N量与产量之间的关系符合线性加平台函数关系。玉米施P2O5量与产量之间的关系符合线性加平台函数关系,早稻产量与施磷量、玉米和早稻的产量与施钾量之间的呈直线函数关系。玉米和早稻氮、磷、钾的最佳施肥量分别为279、62.7、135和62.7 kg/hm2以及132、135和135 kg/hm2。
Based on field experiments of maize and early rice “3414 ” in Xiangyin County, the functional relationship between basic yield, soil available fertilizer, fertilizer amount and yield of maize and early rice was analyzed and the optimum fertilization rate was discussed. The results showed that the basic yield of corn was lower at 651 kg / hm2, accounting for only 9.6% of the yield in the whole fertilizer area. The basic yield of the early rice was 3484.5 kg / hm2, accounting for 51.1% of the yield in the whole fertilizer area. Utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in maize were 80.2%, 3.7% and 15.1% respectively, while those in early rice were 56.9%, 25.0% and 29.5% respectively. The relationship between N application rate and yield of corn accorded with the quadratic function. The relationship between N yield and yield of early rice accorded with the linear function of platform function. The relationship between the amount of P2O5 applied and the yield of maize accords with the linear function of the platform function. The relationship between the yield of early rice and the amount of phosphorus application, the yield of maize and early rice and the amount of applied potassium has a linear function. The optimum fertilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for maize and early rice were 279, 62.7, 135 and 62.7 kg / hm2, and 132, 135 and 135 kg / hm2, respectively.