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目的探讨黎平县城关各类学校水痘流行特点及影响因素,为做好学校传染病的防控工作提供参考。方法分析2013年1月—2015年12月黎平县城关社区各类学校发生水痘疫情的临床资料。计数资料采用χ~2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果期间共报告水痘发病所导致突发公共卫生事件6起,水痘619例,发病率为2.54%(619/24 391),无死亡病例。2013—2015年发病率分别为1.96%(135/6 892)、2.44%(186/7 623)、3.02%(298/9 876),三年间水痘发病情况比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。水痘发病以幼托机构为主,其次是小学,中学最低,各类学校水痘发病情况比较差异有统计学意义(P>0.05)。男性患儿多于女性,4—6月、10—12月及次年1月为发病高峰期,有免疫史的学生发病情况及临床症状、并发症均优于无免疫史学生。结论接种水痘疫苗是预防和控制水痘有效且可靠的方法,建议采用2剂次接种的策略。同时,学校应提高对水痘疫情的防范意识和措施,以提高传染病防控能力。
Objective To explore the prevalence and influential factors of chickenpox in all kinds of schools in Chengguan County, Liping County, and to provide references for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in schools. Methods The clinical data of chickenpox epidemics in various schools in Chengguan Community of Liping County from January 2013 to December 2015 were analyzed. Counting data using χ ~ 2 test, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. During the reporting period, a total of 6 public health incidents of chickenpox were reported, of which 619 were chickenpox. The incidence rate was 2.54% (619/24 391), with no deaths. The prevalence rates of chickenpox in three years were statistically significant (P <0.05), the incidence rates of chickenpox in three years were 1.96% (135/6 892), 2.44% (186/7 623) and 3.02% (298/9 876) ). The incidence of chickenpox was mainly based on child care institutions, followed by primary and secondary schools, with a statistically significant difference in the incidence of chickenpox in all kinds of schools (P> 0.05). There were more males than females. The incidence, clinical symptoms and complication of students with immunization history from April to June, from October to December and January of the following year were better than those without immunization. Conclusion Vaccination with chickenpox vaccine is an effective and reliable method for the prevention and control of chickenpox. A 2-dose inoculation strategy is recommended. At the same time, schools should raise their awareness of precautionary measures against chickenpox epidemics and improve their prevention and control of infectious diseases.