母乳中有多种具有生物活性的蛋白质,其中一类小分子具有广谱抗菌活性的阳离子抗菌肽,能够抵御各种病原微生物的入侵,而且可以促进婴儿免疫系统的建立和发展,降低感染性疾病的发病率。目前研究较多的抗菌肽是防御素、cathelicidins、乳铁蛋白和杀菌/通透性增强蛋白。本文重点介绍以上几种抗菌肽的序列结构与分类、在母乳中的含量、抗菌作用及其作用机理以及近年来的最新研究进展。 Breast milk has a variety of bioactive proteins, one of the small molecules with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity of cationic antimicrobial peptides, can resist the invasion of various pathogenic microorganisms, and can promote the baby’s immune system establishment and development, reduce infectious diseases The incidence of. Currently more antimicrobial peptides are defensins, cathelicidins, lactoferrin and bactericidal / permeability enhancing protein. This article focuses on the sequence structure and classification of several antimicrobial peptides, the content in breast milk, antibacterial activity and its mechanism of action, as well as the latest research progress in recent years.