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In fact， the debate on gun issues is not unique to the United States. Besides the United States， there are many countries allow their citizens to own guns. As the rate of private gun bearing climbed up， gun crime cases in recent years have gradually shown an increasing trend. Implementing a gun management has become a troublesome problem for many countries.
实际上，关于持枪问题的争论并非美国所独有。除美国外，世界上还有许多国家允许公民持枪，私人持枪率攀升导致持枪犯罪案近年来逐渐呈现上涨趋势，如何进行枪支管理也成了让许多国家都深感头疼的问题。
Switzerland： Everyone
Has Guns
瑞士：全民持枪
There is a saying that in Switzerland every household has guns， which sounds terrible， but it is the truth. On the ground of the universal defense policy， the number of guns that each Swiss household can have equals to the number of the adult men in active duty in each household. For Switzerland's population of over 700 million， its per capita ownership of guns and ammunition is much higher than that of the United States， and it’s the world’s most militarized country. Everyone that has a gun in Switzerland closely is linked to the system of "all citizens are soldiers”. However， the high gun-bearing rate in Switzerland doesn’t lead to a mess in public order.
In order to prevent the misuse of guns， the Swiss government has developed a set of strict management measures. In 1997， the Swiss federal government introduced the Gun Laws， which make strict restrictions on the purchasing， bearing， transferring and managing of guns and ammunition. People should get a license before they purchase guns privately， and shouldn’t transfer their guns to others privately； people who privately possess weapons must prove the necessity and ensure the absolute safety of them； people who apply for gun trade licenses must firstly pass the theoretical and practical examinations， and ensure the management safety.
有句话说“瑞士家家有杆枪”，听起来很恐怖，但却是实情。由于全民防务政策，瑞士人家中有几个现役成年男子，就拥有几支枪。对于瑞士700多万人口而言，它的枪支弹药人均拥有量远高于美国，是世界上最为军事化的国家。瑞士人的“全民持枪”与“全民皆兵”制度紧紧联系在一起。但是拥有高持枪率的瑞士，治安状况并非糟糕。
瑞士政府为了防止滥用枪支，制定了一整套严格的管理办法。1997年，瑞士联邦政府出台了《枪支法》，对购买、持有、转让和经营枪支弹药均作出了严格的限制，规定个人购买枪支事先要获得许可，购买后不得私自转让；个人持有武器既要证明其必须，又要确保枪支的绝对安全；申请枪支买卖执照须经理论和实践考试，并要确保经营安全。
Germany： Strengthening the Gun Management
德国：加强枪支管理
On the afternoon of April 26， 2002， a school shooting happened in the eastern German city Erfurt， in which 13 teachers， a school secretary， two female students and a policeman were killed. Two hours after the shooting， the German Parliament immediately passed a bill proposed by the government for improving gun control. On June 14th， a bill of strengthening gun control was passed to improve the legal minimum age of privately owning guns， and to prohibit the private ownership of repeating guns. According to the bill， the minimum age those citizens can legally possess guns increased from 18 to 21， and gun applicants under age 25 must show their certificates of physical and mental health conditions. German Federal Senate unanimously passed the bill on June 21st， so that it has the force of law， and the people expressed appreciation for the rapid reaction of the German government after the school shooting. In recent years， Germany has been committed to the guns management. At the end of 2012， the German Federal Minister of the Interior， Hans Peter Friedrich said that Germany would set up a unified national weapons registration center starting from January 1， 2013， aiming to centralize the data of 6 million legally held guns and other types of weapons in the public， in order to help the police and security departments instantly query gun whereabouts and improve the social order. These new measures also included updating and supplementing related information of civil guns and weapons in time and cracking down illegal gun bearing phenomenon.
2002年4月26日下午，德国东部城市爱尔福特发生的一场校园枪击案，导致13名教师、一名学校秘书、两名女学生和一名警察被打死。血案发生后的两小时，德国议会下议院议员们立即通过了一项由政府提出的有关收紧武器管制的法律。6月14日又投票通过了加强枪支控制法案，要求提高私人合法拥有枪支年龄，并禁止私人拥有连发枪。根据法案规定，公民可合法拥有枪支的最低年龄从18岁提高到21岁，而且25岁以下的申请购枪者要出示身体和精神健康证明。德国联邦参议院21日全票通过了此项法案，使其具有了法律效力，也使的民众对于校园枪击案后，德国政府做出的迅速反应表示了赞赏。
近年来，德国国内一直致力于有效的枪支管理。2012年底，德国联邦内政部长汉斯-彼得·弗里德里希谈道，德国从2013年1月1日起将设立全国统一的武器登记中心计划，旨在对民间约600万件合法持有的枪支和其他各类武器进行集中登记注册，以有助于警方和安全部门即时查询枪支下落，改善治安。新措施还拟在登记注册之外，即时更新补充民间枪支武器的相关信息，同时对非法持枪现象进行打击。
France： Modifying the Gun Control Law
法国：修改枪支管制法
In the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen， the majestic citation says， “Men are born and remain free and equal in rights.” It renders French people with the reason to support the free gun bearing of citizens， but it has caused an increase in violent shooting cases， many of which were school shootings. The voice of strengthening the management of guns has no active responses from the government. As late as last year， French modified the gun control law for the first time in nearly 70 years.
In 2011， France captured 3，500 illegal guns. In view of the severity of illegal guns， the French government decided to carry on a more effective mechanism to manage guns. In February 28， 2012， the French Senate passed a resolution of amending current gun control laws. A new method of gun classification was added in this amendment and the force of penalties was strengthened.
The new method of gun classification doesn’t divide guns into eight categories， but four categories according to the actual degree of danger. The classes are as follow： （A） the ones prohibited to be possessed； （B） the ones possessed with a gun license； （C） the ones possessed after applying and reporting； （D） the ones possessed with registration / free possession.
Penalties of illegal gun trade were also strengthened in this amendment. The new amended bill stipulated that the sentence of illegal gun trade be increased from five years to seven years， and the fine be increased from seventy-five thousand Euros to one hundred thousand Euros. It provided that the gang crime be sentenced to a 10-year prison term and a fine of fifty thousand Euros. 《人权宣言》中的那行威风凛凛的引文：“在权利方面，人们生来是而且始终是自由平等的。”给了众多法国民众支持公民自由持枪的理由，不过由此造成的非法持枪所造成的暴力枪杀案件也与日俱增，其中不乏多起校园枪击案。只不过有关加强枪支管理的呼声却一直未得到政府的积极响应，直至去年才首次修改枪支管制法，这也是近70多年来，法国首次修改枪支管制法。
2011年法国共缴获3500支非法枪支，鉴于非法持枪现象的严重程度，法国政府开始决定对枪支进行更有效的管理。2012年2月28日，法国参议院通过一项对现行枪支管制法进行修订的决议，此次修订增加了新的枪支分类办法，并且加大了惩罚力度。
新的枪支分类办法规定，枪支将不在按技术规格分成八类，而是根据枪支实际的危险程度分成以下四种：（A）禁止持有，（B）拥有枪支许可证才能持有，（C）申报后才能持有，（D）需备案登记/可自由持有。
此次修订还加强了对非法买卖枪支者的惩罚力度。新修订的法案将对非法买卖枪支者的刑期由5年增加到了7年，罚款由七万五千欧元，增加到了十万欧元。规定团伙作案的，处10年刑期，五万欧元罚款。
Increasing Control to Avoid Shooting Cases
加强管控 避免枪案发生
Those who oppose more stringent gun control have always said that isolated incidents have little connection with the gun policy because of different motivations in each case. But from another point of view， this is the reason to further tighten gun control policy. Therefore， the above-mentioned countries continue to strengthen gun control efforts in order to put an end to the shooting cases.
American politicians always have evasive attitudes towards the gun problem due to a variety of complex factors. The Obama’s gun control plan is largely due to the Connecticut Sandy Hook Primary School Shooting. However， people familiar with the American gun culture understand that although shooting cases are "cancer" of American society， the Americans growing up in a unique "gun culture" have extremely complex feelings for guns. Although this will not help decrease the numbers of shooting cases， at least it will have some effects on the illegal gun owners. The harder to get guns with high lethality， the more unlikely tragedies will happen. After all， fewer guns make a country safer.
虽然，反对更严厉管制枪械的人一向认为，孤立的事件跟枪支政策关系不大，因每个案件各有不同的动机，但是从另一个角度来看，这也正是枪械管制需要进一步收紧之处的原因所在。因此，上述各国为了杜绝枪击惨案的发生，不断在加强枪支管控上进行着努力。
而美国政客由于各种复杂因素，一直对枪支问题采取回避态度。此次控枪方案的发布，在很大程度上也是基于康州桑迪胡克小学枪杀案的推动。不过熟悉美国枪支文化的人都明白，枪击案虽然是美国社会的一个“毒瘤”，但在独特的“枪文化”中成长起来的美国人，对枪支的感情却极其复杂，此次推动能否出现立竿见影的效果，大家都不得而知，但是有一点却非常清楚，单纯的立法引入较严谨的枪械管制，虽不能对减低美国枪杀案数目有明显帮助，但起码对减低枪械落在不应持有枪械者之手有一定作用。高杀伤力枪械愈难到手，惨案再发生机会愈低，毕竟，枪支越少，国家就越安全。
实际上，关于持枪问题的争论并非美国所独有。除美国外，世界上还有许多国家允许公民持枪，私人持枪率攀升导致持枪犯罪案近年来逐渐呈现上涨趋势，如何进行枪支管理也成了让许多国家都深感头疼的问题。
Switzerland： Everyone
Has Guns
瑞士：全民持枪
There is a saying that in Switzerland every household has guns， which sounds terrible， but it is the truth. On the ground of the universal defense policy， the number of guns that each Swiss household can have equals to the number of the adult men in active duty in each household. For Switzerland's population of over 700 million， its per capita ownership of guns and ammunition is much higher than that of the United States， and it’s the world’s most militarized country. Everyone that has a gun in Switzerland closely is linked to the system of "all citizens are soldiers”. However， the high gun-bearing rate in Switzerland doesn’t lead to a mess in public order.
In order to prevent the misuse of guns， the Swiss government has developed a set of strict management measures. In 1997， the Swiss federal government introduced the Gun Laws， which make strict restrictions on the purchasing， bearing， transferring and managing of guns and ammunition. People should get a license before they purchase guns privately， and shouldn’t transfer their guns to others privately； people who privately possess weapons must prove the necessity and ensure the absolute safety of them； people who apply for gun trade licenses must firstly pass the theoretical and practical examinations， and ensure the management safety.
有句话说“瑞士家家有杆枪”，听起来很恐怖，但却是实情。由于全民防务政策，瑞士人家中有几个现役成年男子，就拥有几支枪。对于瑞士700多万人口而言，它的枪支弹药人均拥有量远高于美国，是世界上最为军事化的国家。瑞士人的“全民持枪”与“全民皆兵”制度紧紧联系在一起。但是拥有高持枪率的瑞士，治安状况并非糟糕。
瑞士政府为了防止滥用枪支，制定了一整套严格的管理办法。1997年，瑞士联邦政府出台了《枪支法》，对购买、持有、转让和经营枪支弹药均作出了严格的限制，规定个人购买枪支事先要获得许可，购买后不得私自转让；个人持有武器既要证明其必须，又要确保枪支的绝对安全；申请枪支买卖执照须经理论和实践考试，并要确保经营安全。
Germany： Strengthening the Gun Management
德国：加强枪支管理
On the afternoon of April 26， 2002， a school shooting happened in the eastern German city Erfurt， in which 13 teachers， a school secretary， two female students and a policeman were killed. Two hours after the shooting， the German Parliament immediately passed a bill proposed by the government for improving gun control. On June 14th， a bill of strengthening gun control was passed to improve the legal minimum age of privately owning guns， and to prohibit the private ownership of repeating guns. According to the bill， the minimum age those citizens can legally possess guns increased from 18 to 21， and gun applicants under age 25 must show their certificates of physical and mental health conditions. German Federal Senate unanimously passed the bill on June 21st， so that it has the force of law， and the people expressed appreciation for the rapid reaction of the German government after the school shooting. In recent years， Germany has been committed to the guns management. At the end of 2012， the German Federal Minister of the Interior， Hans Peter Friedrich said that Germany would set up a unified national weapons registration center starting from January 1， 2013， aiming to centralize the data of 6 million legally held guns and other types of weapons in the public， in order to help the police and security departments instantly query gun whereabouts and improve the social order. These new measures also included updating and supplementing related information of civil guns and weapons in time and cracking down illegal gun bearing phenomenon.
2002年4月26日下午，德国东部城市爱尔福特发生的一场校园枪击案，导致13名教师、一名学校秘书、两名女学生和一名警察被打死。血案发生后的两小时，德国议会下议院议员们立即通过了一项由政府提出的有关收紧武器管制的法律。6月14日又投票通过了加强枪支控制法案，要求提高私人合法拥有枪支年龄，并禁止私人拥有连发枪。根据法案规定，公民可合法拥有枪支的最低年龄从18岁提高到21岁，而且25岁以下的申请购枪者要出示身体和精神健康证明。德国联邦参议院21日全票通过了此项法案，使其具有了法律效力，也使的民众对于校园枪击案后，德国政府做出的迅速反应表示了赞赏。
近年来，德国国内一直致力于有效的枪支管理。2012年底，德国联邦内政部长汉斯-彼得·弗里德里希谈道，德国从2013年1月1日起将设立全国统一的武器登记中心计划，旨在对民间约600万件合法持有的枪支和其他各类武器进行集中登记注册，以有助于警方和安全部门即时查询枪支下落，改善治安。新措施还拟在登记注册之外，即时更新补充民间枪支武器的相关信息，同时对非法持枪现象进行打击。
France： Modifying the Gun Control Law
法国：修改枪支管制法
In the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen， the majestic citation says， “Men are born and remain free and equal in rights.” It renders French people with the reason to support the free gun bearing of citizens， but it has caused an increase in violent shooting cases， many of which were school shootings. The voice of strengthening the management of guns has no active responses from the government. As late as last year， French modified the gun control law for the first time in nearly 70 years.
In 2011， France captured 3，500 illegal guns. In view of the severity of illegal guns， the French government decided to carry on a more effective mechanism to manage guns. In February 28， 2012， the French Senate passed a resolution of amending current gun control laws. A new method of gun classification was added in this amendment and the force of penalties was strengthened.
The new method of gun classification doesn’t divide guns into eight categories， but four categories according to the actual degree of danger. The classes are as follow： （A） the ones prohibited to be possessed； （B） the ones possessed with a gun license； （C） the ones possessed after applying and reporting； （D） the ones possessed with registration / free possession.
Penalties of illegal gun trade were also strengthened in this amendment. The new amended bill stipulated that the sentence of illegal gun trade be increased from five years to seven years， and the fine be increased from seventy-five thousand Euros to one hundred thousand Euros. It provided that the gang crime be sentenced to a 10-year prison term and a fine of fifty thousand Euros. 《人权宣言》中的那行威风凛凛的引文：“在权利方面，人们生来是而且始终是自由平等的。”给了众多法国民众支持公民自由持枪的理由，不过由此造成的非法持枪所造成的暴力枪杀案件也与日俱增，其中不乏多起校园枪击案。只不过有关加强枪支管理的呼声却一直未得到政府的积极响应，直至去年才首次修改枪支管制法，这也是近70多年来，法国首次修改枪支管制法。
2011年法国共缴获3500支非法枪支，鉴于非法持枪现象的严重程度，法国政府开始决定对枪支进行更有效的管理。2012年2月28日，法国参议院通过一项对现行枪支管制法进行修订的决议，此次修订增加了新的枪支分类办法，并且加大了惩罚力度。
新的枪支分类办法规定，枪支将不在按技术规格分成八类，而是根据枪支实际的危险程度分成以下四种：（A）禁止持有，（B）拥有枪支许可证才能持有，（C）申报后才能持有，（D）需备案登记/可自由持有。
此次修订还加强了对非法买卖枪支者的惩罚力度。新修订的法案将对非法买卖枪支者的刑期由5年增加到了7年，罚款由七万五千欧元，增加到了十万欧元。规定团伙作案的，处10年刑期，五万欧元罚款。
Increasing Control to Avoid Shooting Cases
加强管控 避免枪案发生
Those who oppose more stringent gun control have always said that isolated incidents have little connection with the gun policy because of different motivations in each case. But from another point of view， this is the reason to further tighten gun control policy. Therefore， the above-mentioned countries continue to strengthen gun control efforts in order to put an end to the shooting cases.
American politicians always have evasive attitudes towards the gun problem due to a variety of complex factors. The Obama’s gun control plan is largely due to the Connecticut Sandy Hook Primary School Shooting. However， people familiar with the American gun culture understand that although shooting cases are "cancer" of American society， the Americans growing up in a unique "gun culture" have extremely complex feelings for guns. Although this will not help decrease the numbers of shooting cases， at least it will have some effects on the illegal gun owners. The harder to get guns with high lethality， the more unlikely tragedies will happen. After all， fewer guns make a country safer.
虽然，反对更严厉管制枪械的人一向认为，孤立的事件跟枪支政策关系不大，因每个案件各有不同的动机，但是从另一个角度来看，这也正是枪械管制需要进一步收紧之处的原因所在。因此，上述各国为了杜绝枪击惨案的发生，不断在加强枪支管控上进行着努力。
而美国政客由于各种复杂因素，一直对枪支问题采取回避态度。此次控枪方案的发布，在很大程度上也是基于康州桑迪胡克小学枪杀案的推动。不过熟悉美国枪支文化的人都明白，枪击案虽然是美国社会的一个“毒瘤”，但在独特的“枪文化”中成长起来的美国人，对枪支的感情却极其复杂，此次推动能否出现立竿见影的效果，大家都不得而知，但是有一点却非常清楚，单纯的立法引入较严谨的枪械管制，虽不能对减低美国枪杀案数目有明显帮助，但起码对减低枪械落在不应持有枪械者之手有一定作用。高杀伤力枪械愈难到手，惨案再发生机会愈低，毕竟，枪支越少，国家就越安全。