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从上世纪90年代以来,我国是否应引入沉默权制度,是否应赋予犯罪嫌疑人、被告人以明示沉默权就已经在学界以及实务界引起了广泛的争议。经过几十年的法治发展,我国的司法环境与法制条件相比过去已有了很大的不同。尤其是近年来国家越来越重视和保障人权,强调不得强迫任何人证实自己有罪,都表明现如今再探讨沉默权的引进问题有了新的现实基础和司法条件。沉默权的本质在于不得强迫自证其罪,这与当下司法改革的价值取向是一致的。本文通过研究沉默权制度,分析其存在的必要性以及发展中的局限性,旨在为我们今后的司法改革道路提供经验与借鉴。
Since the 90s of last century, whether our country should introduce the system of right to silence, whether the criminal suspects or accused should be given the right of explicit silence has caused widespread controversy in academia and practice. After decades of development of the rule of law, the judicial environment in our country has been greatly different from the legal conditions in the past. In particular, in recent years, the state has paid increasing attention to and protection of human rights, stressing that no one should be compelled to prove its guilt and that there is a new realistic basis and judicial conditions for revisiting the issue of the right to silence nowadays. The essence of the right to silence lies in that the crime of self-incrimination can not be compelled, which is consistent with the current value orientation of judicial reform. By studying the system of right to silence, this paper analyzes the necessity of its existence and the limitation of its development in order to provide experience and reference for our future judicial reform.