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对汉语历史类型学的研究,以前的学者曾经提出两种观点:一、汉语从上古至今有一个连续性的类型学转变:合成性特征逐渐减弱伴随分析性特征逐渐增强,暗示古今汉语有可能是不同类型的语言。二、从远古至前古、再至上古、再至中古与近代、再至现代,合成性与分析性呈分阶段的循环线演变。综合前人的研究,本文对涉及汉语演变的合成性(或分析性)之理论与经验问题,再行考证,并以古今复合词、使役句、感叹句三项作为个案探讨。结论是:古今语法的合成程度各有千秋,无论何种观点,都有一定的论据支撑,研究亟待深入。
For the study of Chinese historical typology, former scholars have put forward two kinds of views: First, there is a continuous typological transformation of Chinese since ancient times: the gradual weakening of the synthetic features and the gradual increase of the analytical features, suggesting that ancient and modern Chinese may be Different types of language. Second, from ancient times to ancient times, then to the Middle Ages, then to the Middle Ages and modern times, and then to the modern, synthetic and analytical phases of the evolution of the cycle. Based on the previous researches, this article reexamines the theoretical and empirical issues concerning the syntheses (or analytical) of the Chinese language evolution, and examines the three ancient and modern compound words, causative sentences and exclamatory sentences. The conclusion is that the syntheses of ancient and modern grammar have their strengths and weaknesses, no matter what kind of point of view, there is some argument support, the research urgently needs further study.