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本文讨论了杂交稻制种田间父本花粉的数量、数量构成特点、时空分布规律及其对母本的影响。结果表明,母本开花当天能有效利用的花粉是不足的,但能累利用的花粉一般是充足的。有效花粉在数量构成中稳定性差和花粉分布不匀,是花粉不足的主要原因。母本田间结实率、病粒率、授精率的变化很有规律性,与花粉量及其分布规律密切对应。促使授精率转化为结实率,促进花粉均匀分布,加强有效花粉的稳定性,是提高制种产量的有效途径。
In this paper, we discuss the number of pollen grains, the characteristics of their population, the spatial and temporal distribution of pollen grains and their effects on the female parent. The results show that the pollen that is effectively utilized on the day of female flowering is deficient, but the pollen that can be used is generally sufficient. Effective pollen in the number of poor stability and uneven pollen distribution is the main reason for pollen deficiencies. The change of seed setting rate, disease rate and fertilization rate in female field was very regular, which closely corresponded with the pollen quantity and its distribution. Promote the fertilization rate into seed setting rate, promote the uniform distribution of pollen and enhance the stability of effective pollen, is an effective way to improve seed production.