The structural, elastic, and electronic properties of a series of lanthanide hexaborides(Ln B6) have been investigated by performing ab initio calculations based on the density functional theory using the Vienna ab initio simulation package.The calculated lattice and elastic constants of Ln B6 are in good agreement with the available experimental data and other theoretical results. The polycrystalline Young’s modulus, shear modulus, the ratio of bulk to shear modulus B/G, Poisson’s ratios, Zener anisotropy factors, as well as the Debye temperature are calculated, and all of the properties display some regularity with increasing atomic number of lanthanide atoms, whereas anomalies are observed for Eu B6 and Yb B6. In addition, detailed electronic structure calculations are carried out to shed light on the peculiar elastic properties of Ln B6.The total density of states demonstrates the existence of a pseudogap and indicates lower structure stability of Eu B6 and Yb B6 compared with others. The structural, elastic, and electronic properties of a series of lanthanide hexaborides (Ln B6) have been investigated by performing ab initio calculations based on the density functional theory using the Vienna ab initio simulation package. The calculated lattice and elastic constants of Ln B6 are in good agreement with the available experimental data and other theoretical results. The polycrystalline Young’s modulus, shear modulus, the ratio of bulk to shear modulus B / G, Poisson’s ratios, Zener anisotropy factors, as well as the Debye temperature are calculated, and all of the properties display some regularity with increasing atomic number of lanthanide atoms, an anomalies are observed for Eu B6 and Yb B6. In addition, detailed electronic structure calculations are carried out to shed light on the peculiar elastic properties of Ln B6. The total density of states demonstrates the existence of a pseudogap and indicates lower structure stability of Eu B6 and Yb B6 compared with othe rs.