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目的探讨宜昌地区孕妇膳食模式及其与妊娠结局的关系。方法 2012年6月~2014年6月采用《中国居民膳食指南暨平衡膳食宝塔》(简称CBDP)对宜昌市第一人民医院1 285例孕周为20~30周的孕妇进行问卷调查,并随访其至分娩,记录妊娠结局情况。结果与妊娠结局良好组孕妇相比,早产儿组孕妇肉类、鱼类、蛋类、奶类每日摄入量较低(P<0.05),未达到CBDP中各类食物摄入量中值的比例较高;低出生体重儿组孕妇谷类、水果类、肉类、鱼类、蛋类、奶类每日摄入量较低(P<0.05),未达到CBDP中谷类、水果类、肉类、鱼类、蛋类、奶类摄入量中值的比例较高;巨大儿组孕妇谷类、肉类、鱼类、蛋类、奶类每日摄入量较高(P<0.05),水果类、蔬菜类每日摄入量较低(P<0.05)。经相关因素分析可知,影响CBDP不达标的因素包括孕妇学历、职业及家庭月总收入。结论孕妇孕期应合理增重,避免早产儿及低出生体重儿发生,同时应注意营养摄取量,避免摄入过多的营养导致巨大儿的发生。同时,应对孕期知识缺乏的人群加强孕期干预,提高孕妇孕期知识,降低膳食不平衡导致的不良妊娠结局发生率。
Objective To explore the dietary patterns of pregnant women in Yichang and their relationship with pregnancy outcome. Methods From June 2012 to June 2014, 1285 pregnant women with gestational weeks of 20-30 weeks were enrolled in the First People’s Hospital of Yichang City using “Chinese Dietary Guidelines and Balanced Diet Pagodas” (CBDP) for follow-up The childbirth, record the pregnancy outcome. Results Compared with those with good pregnancy outcome, the daily intakes of meat, fish, eggs and milk in preterm infants were lower (P <0.05) and did not reach the median of all kinds of food intake in CBDP (P <0.05). The daily intake of cereals, fruits, meat, fish, eggs and milk in pregnant women with low birth weight was lower (P <0.05), and did not reach cereals, fruits and meat in CBDP The daily intake of cereals, meat, fish, eggs and milk of pregnant women in Giant children was higher (P <0.05) Fruits and vegetables daily intake was lower (P <0.05). Analysis of relevant factors shows that the factors that affect the non-compliance of CBDP include the maternal education, occupation and family monthly total income. Conclusion Pregnant women should be reasonable weight gain during pregnancy to avoid premature children and low birth weight infants, should pay attention to nutritional intake, avoid excessive intake of nutrients lead to the occurrence of giant children. At the same time, the lack of knowledge about pregnancy should strengthen pregnancy intervention, improve pregnant women knowledge of pregnancy, reduce the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by diet imbalance.