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原发性纵隔肿瘤压迫或侵犯胸内重要脏器,可发生心血管、气管、肺支气管或神经并发症。本院自1956年6月至1988年6月共手术治疗原发性纵隔肿瘤314例,其中出现上述并发症37例,发生率为11.8％,现总结如下。临床资料全组37例,男18例,女19例。年龄14～57岁,平均32.2岁。纵隔肿瘤压迫或侵犯胸内脏器而致并发症者有:(1)肺支气管并发症16例。其中肿瘤支气管瘘7例;肺不张7例;局灶性肺炎2例。均有咳嗽、咳黄痰和咯血等症状,3例咳出毛发。(2)血管并发症11例。其中上腔静脉综合症5例;无临床症状,术中发现上腔静脉紧密粘连浸润4例;左无名静脉浸润2例(1例伴左锁骨下动脉浸润)。(3)心包浸润3例,1例伴心包积液。
Primary mediastinal tumors that oppress or invade vital organs in the chest may develop cardiovascular, tracheal, pulmonary bronchial, or neurological complications. In this hospital from June 1956 to June 1988, a total of 314 primary mediastinal tumors were surgically treated. 37 of these complications occurred. The incidence rate was 11.8%. The clinical data of the entire group were 37 cases, 18 males and 19 females. Age 14 to 57 years old, average 32.2 years old. The complications of mediastinal tumor compression or violation of the internal organs of the chest include: (1) 16 cases of pulmonary bronchogenic complications. Including 7 cases of tumor bronchospasm; pulmonary atelectasis in 7 cases; 2 cases of focal pneumonia. All had symptoms of cough, jaundice, and hemoptysis, and coughed hair in 3 cases. (2) Vascular complications in 11 cases. Among them, 5 cases of superior vena cava syndrome; no clinical symptoms, 4 cases of intraoperative adhesion of superior vena cava were found; 2 cases of left innominate vein infiltration (1 case with left subclavian artery infiltration). (3) Pericardial infiltration in 3 cases, 1 case with pericardial effusion.