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INTRODUCTION:Cystone is an approved Ayurvedic polyherbal proprietary medicine used in India for various urinary disorders,including urolithiasis.AIM:To evaluate the protective effect of Cystone against hyperoxaluria-induced oxidative stress and calcium oxalate crystal deposition in urolithiasis.METHODS:Ethylene glycol(EG)(0.75%,V/V)in drinking water was given to rats for 28 days to induce urolithiasis with simultaneous treatment of Cystone(500 and 750 mg/kg body weight),and various urinary risk factors of urolithiasis and antioxidant markers were assessed.RESULTS:EG treatment lead to increased urine volume and lowered urinary pH,along with increased urinary excretion of oxalate,calcium and phosphate in untreated animals.These changes caused extensive calcium oxalate crystal deposition,increased lipid peroxidation and decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes(SOD,catalase and GPx)in the kidney of untreated rats.Cystone prevented these hyperoxaluric manifestations and inhibited calcium oxalate crystal deposition in treated rats at both doses.CONCLUSIONS:Cystone therapy provides protection against hyperoxaluria-induced oxidative stress and calcium oxalate crystal deposition by improving renal tissue antioxidant status and diuresis.