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我国国有工业企业自1985年下半年开始,出现连年亏损的势头。据有关资料,现有工业企业的亏损面已达45％左右,如果算上暗亏的,亏损面则高达80％左右,国有资产每天流失近一亿多元;这些数字表明国有工业企业营运惨淡,已处于积弊深重,效益低下,举步维艰的地步,严重制约了我国改革开放和社会主义现代化建设事业的发展。如何搞活国有工业企业,是摆在全党面前的一个重大课题,“九五”期间,加快经济发展,必须解决工业企业的亏损问题。笔者试对此问题作一初步探讨。 一、国有工业企业亏损的原因 近年来,已有一些关于“亏损”问题的论述,但笔者认为以下五个因素,是造成工业企业亏损的主要原因:
Since the beginning of the second half of 1985, China’s state-owned industrial enterprises have experienced losses year after year. According to relevant information, the loss level of existing industrial enterprises has reached about 45%. If the deficit is taken into account, the loss level will be as high as 80%, and the state-owned assets will lose nearly 100 million yuan each day. These figures indicate that the state-owned industrial enterprises are operating gloomyly. It is already at a stage where it has accumulated serious disadvantages, has low efficiency, and is struggling. It has severely constrained the development of China’s reform, opening up, and socialist modernization. How to invigorate state-owned industrial enterprises is a major task facing the whole party. To speed up economic development during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, it is necessary to solve the problem of loss of industrial enterprises. The author tried to make a preliminary discussion on this issue. I. Causes of loss of state-owned industrial enterprises In recent years, there have been some discussions on the issue of “losses”. However, the author believes that the following five factors are the main reasons for the loss of industrial enterprises: