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国家安全指令是总统给部门负责人发出的一种正式通知,总统把国家安全事务方面的决定告知相关部门,一般需要有关部门采取后续行动。国家安全指令的目的是实施和协调国家安全领域的军事政策、外交政策和其他相关政策。国家安全指令在不同时期有不同的名称,总统经常把国家安全指令作为其优先考虑的事项,然而国家安全指令却几乎不为公众所知,因为大多数国家安全指令都是机密文件。如同其他总统单边政策工具,如果使用不当,国家安全指令不止是危险工具,而且是致命武器。总统运用国家安全指令单方制定国家安全政策,给国会和法院有效制约总统权力带来挑战。本文将对国家安全指令的作用以及它们如何塑造美国国家安全政策提供一些初步的见解。
The National Security Directive is an official notification from the president to the head of the department. The president informs the relevant departments of the decisions concerning national security matters and generally needs the departments concerned to take follow-up actions. The purpose of the National Security Directive is to implement and coordinate military, foreign and other relevant policies in the field of national security. National security directives have different names at different times, and the president often takes national security directives as their top priority. However, national security directives are barely known to the public because most national security directives are classified documents. Like other presidential unilateral policy instruments, national security directives are not only dangerous tools, but also lethal weapons, if used incorrectly. The president’s unilateral application of the National Security Directive to formulate a national security policy poses a challenge to Congress and the courts in effectively restricting the presidential power. This article will provide some initial insights into the role of national security directives and how they shape US national security policy.