一没有先锋派文学就没有“新小说”本世纪40年代兴起的先锋派文学是拉美文学发展的重要转折时期,因为阿斯图里亚斯、卡彭铁尔、博尔赫斯、胡安·鲁尔福等著名作家完成了从单一文学模式向多元模式的转化,其表现是:从以反映外部客观世界为主转向表现人的内心情感、潜意识、梦幻意识、甚至是无意识;从笃信传统的思想体系、宗教信仰和社会价值观转向大胆的怀疑与批判;从以描写人物故事情节为主转为表现直觉、感觉和任何非理性的内容,从而建立新型的作者与读者关系:通过作品请读者参与再创作活动.对这一转化,美国西班牙语世界文化研究会主席拉盖尔·张·罗德里戈斯在她1989年的新作《美洲文学之声》中是这样说的:“在1960至1970年,拉丁美洲 Avant-garde literature without a ”new novel“ The rise of the avant-garde literature of the 1940s is an important turning point in the development of Latin American literature, because Asturias, Carpentier, Borges, Hu An · Luer Fu and other famous writers completed the transformation from a single literary model to a pluralistic model. Its performance is: from reflecting the external objective world to expressing the person’s inner feelings, subconsciousness, dream consciousness or even unconsciousness; The traditional ideological system, religious beliefs and social values ​​are turned to bold doubts and criticisms. A new type of author-reader relationship is established by changing the description of the story of the characters into performance intuition, feeling and any irrational content. Readers involved in re-creation activities .For this transformation, the American Spanish World Cultural Studies Association La Gaier Zhang Rodriguez in her 1989 novel ”The Voice of American Literature“ said: ”In From 1960 to 1970, Latin America