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【目的】在半干旱地区,研究植物生长促进型和延缓型调节剂作用下,大豆花荚发育过程中存留和脱落荚生理效应差别,探讨调节剂减少大豆脱落作用的生理效应,为提高大豆产量寻找途径。【方法】试验于2012—2013年在黑龙江省大庆市林甸县,始花期(R1)对3个大豆品种绥农28(SN28)、垦丰16(KF16)、合丰50(HF50)分别叶面喷施调节剂2-N、N-二乙氨基乙基己酸酯(diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate,DTA-6)和烯效唑(uniconazole,S3307),喷施清水作为对照(CK)。从喷药后第35天(R5)开始第1次取样,每隔7 d取样1次。采集存留和脱落的花荚,并将荚皮与籽粒分开,液氮速冻30 min,取出置于低温冰柜中(-40℃),待全部样品收集完毕,统一测定。比较研究各处理中存留和脱落荚中氧自由基代谢、相关脱落酶、可溶性物质等生理指标的调控效应。【结果】(1)随着荚发育进程,脱落荚中丙二醛(methane dicarboxylic aldehyde,MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质含量显著高于存留荚,脱落纤维素酶(abscission cellulose,AC)、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(polygalacturonase,PG)活性显著低于存留荚。(2)DTA-6和S3307都能够调控大豆存留荚和脱落荚生理,二者过程不同,结果相似。二者调控效应表现为:总体上降低了存留荚MDA含量,提高了SOD、POD活性,效果S3307优于DTA-6,在绥农28和垦丰16鼓粒中早期,合丰50鼓粒后期阶段性的降低了存留荚AC活性、PG活性。存留荚和脱落荚生理差别随着荚的生育进程,随之变化,不同荚生育时期,差异幅度不同。存留荚和脱落荚生理指标的差异也受品种内在遗传因素影响。【结论】脱落后的荚生理指标状态与存留荚相比表现为质膜过氧化作用增强,保护酶系统的平衡被破坏,可溶性物质增加,脱落酶活性降低可能受脱落过程环境影响较大。脱落荚和存留荚生理相关指标存在差异,并受荚发育时期和品种影响。DTA-6和S3307调控后存留荚具有较强的生理调控和自我修复能力,其膜损伤、渗透调节、保护酶系统、脱落酶活性降低等均对降低脱落有积极的响应。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the physiological effects of plant growth retardation and retarding regulator on survival and detachment of pods in the development of soybean pods in semi-arid areas. Physiological effects of regulators on decreasing soybean shedding were discussed. In order to increase soybean yield Find ways. 【Method】 The experiment was carried out on three soybean cultivars, SN28, KF16 and HF50, in Lindian County, Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province during the first flowering stage (R1) Surface spraying regulators 2-N, N-diethylaminoethylhexanoate (DTA-6) and uniconazole (S3307) were sprayed with water as control (CK). The first sampling started on the 35th day (R5) after the spraying and was sampled every 7 days. The remaining pods and peeled pods were collected, and the pods were separated from the kernels. The mixture was snap frozen in liquid nitrogen for 30 min and then placed in a freezer at low temperature (-40 ° C). After all the samples were collected, the samples were collected and determined. The regulation effects of oxygen free radical metabolism, related shedding enzymes, soluble substances and other physiological indexes in the treated and detached pods were comparatively studied. 【Result】 The results showed that: (1) With the development of pods, the contents of MDA, SOD and POD in the detached pods , Soluble sugar content and soluble protein content were significantly higher than those of the remaining pods. Activity of abscission cellulose (AC) and polygalacturonase (PG) was significantly lower than that of the remaining pods. (2) Both DTA-6 and S3307 can regulate soybean pod and petiole pod physiology. The two processes are different and the results are similar. The regulation effects of the two treatments were as follows: decreasing the MDA content of pod and improving the activities of SOD and POD, the effect of S3307 was better than that of DTA-6. In the early stage of Suining 28 and Kenfeng 16, Staged pod AC activity decreased, PG activity. Physiological differences between pods and peeled pods As the pod’s reproductive process changes, the pods vary in different growth stages. Differences in physiological indicators of pods and shedding pods are also affected by the genetic factors inherent in the cultivars. 【Conclusion】 Compared with the pod, the pod physiological status after shedding showed that the peroxidation of the plasma membrane was enhanced, the balance of the protective enzyme system was destroyed, the soluble substance was increased, and the decrease of shedding enzyme activity might be greatly influenced by the environment of the shedding process. There are differences in physiological indexes between detached pods and stored pods and are affected by pod development period and variety. DTA-6 and S3307 had stronger physiological regulation and self-repair ability, and their membrane damage, osmotic adjustment, protective enzyme system and the activity of shedding enzyme had a positive response to the decrease of shedding.